What AI could learn from Deity players is how to pursue etreme tactics to achive a finite goal. For example: The Liberialism race is close, human players could switch to caste system, starve all ther cities for a few turns and run max scientiststs, just to win the race. I don't think the AI will even consider doing that, when it should, as the ways of researching faster for a while are very specific and limited in this game.
Another example is culture wins, do AI's switch to Universal surfage, just to ruch buy cathedrals for a few turns and then switch back to representation for the faster teching? This is a simple finite technique and they should be able to calculate it, if the programmers told them to consider it.
That is why deity players are needed to help programming the AI, because the programmers have never though of that themselves and consequently have not programed the AI to even consider it.
Sorry, but those aren't really good examples. AI programming is designed to be extremely generic. There are very few examples of specific case profiling - and with good reason. There are generally hundreds, if not thousands, if not many times more than that cases that could be considered. Specifically coding for each instance is futile, and a waste of time. Especially when you consider that Civ is designed to be modded.
Good game AI is going to deal with the simplest ruleset and work within that to achieve whatever desired goal. The more specific you try and make it, the more time consuming it becomes, with increasingly limited effect.
Bh