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There were not twelve tribes of Abraham. There were twelve tribes from Jacob (aka Israel), who was the son of Issac, who was the son of Abraham. There was also Ishmael, first son of Abraham who is traditionally accepted as the father of Arabs.
The bible actually records Abraham as being the father of
eight sons.
When Sarah seemed barren, he fathered Ishmael by her handmaiden Hagar.
Later Sarah bore his promised son, Isaac.
After Sarah died, he married Keturah and fathered Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.
(There are some who believe that Hagar and Keturah are two names for the same person, and that Abraham sought her out to reunite his family after his jealous wife would no longer come between them.)
We are never told how many daughters the various patriarchs might have had. We are only told that Jacob/Israel had at least one daughter (Dinah) in addition to his twelve sons.
Ishmael is considered the father of some of the Arab tribes, but not of all Arabs.
The Pure Arabs or Qahtanian Arabs are considered to be the descendants of Ya‘rub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan. His grandfather Qahtan was identified by early Islamic historians with Yoktan son of Eber, the great-grandson of Shem (the son of Noah) from whom Abraham was also a distant descendant.
The Jurhum tribe of Qahtanian Arabs was said to have given shelter to Hagar and Ishmael. Other Qahtanian tribes were typically described as wicked heathens.
The ‘Adnani Arabs are considered to be descendants of Ishmael through his descendant Adnan, who married into the Jurhum tribe.
Muhammad was an ‘Adnani Arab and as such claimed to be a descendant of Abraham, but he described several of the other Arab tribes as instead descendants of those who persecuted Abraham.
Isaac was not only the father of Jacob, but also of Esau. As such he is also the father of the Edomites and Idumaeans. The modern descendants of those peoples have adopted the Arabic language and identity after they became Muslims. The Arabs of Palestine and Jordan would likely have more connection to Esau than Ishmael.