That's something, and it's why we let women pass their fitness tests with lower scores - the tests are actually testing your determination to keep yourself in physical state, and it takes as much effort for a woman to get to be able to do 22 press-ups as it does for a man to get to be able to do 44. However, when we're actually testing aptitude - for example, loading artillery peices as I said - everyone, be they male, female, tall, short, whatever, has to stack the same number of shells in the same time. You may as well say that these tests are discriminating against skinny people, and they are - but that's entirely right and entirely the point.
The ability to work quickly is a vital skill in all fields. It's an often-repeated maxim that an imperfect plan implemented quickly and with aggression is generally more successful than a perfect plan implemented late. As I said, if you can't work fast and accurately I don't care what your reason for that is, I wouldn't want you to be working for me.
Applying intellect under stress, working alone, and where you can't go and look up an answer you don't know? That sounds pretty valuable to anyone, regardless of what aides are 'normally' available; to be able to do without them is not only a sign of greater ability but very helpful in many real-life situations. Again a military example, but if somebody can't write a decent essay under exam conditions that doesn't make me entirely confident in their ability to come up with a good plan-of-attack in battle, however different the two situations are.
Yes, and it also tests your ability to express yourself clearly, to work to a time limit and therefore to prioritise tasks if you can't answer every question, to work without asking for advice or looking up the answer - as I keep saying, these aren't neccessarily maths skills, but they're all important for life.