Chukchi Husky
Lone Wolf
Then the Americans and British decided to go with 440 Hz.
Today I Learned #4: Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known.
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PhroX
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Well, of course. 435 was a French standard. We couldn't let that stay now could we?
TIL: from Science Daily. Binge Drinking and your microbiome
Researchers discover that youth binge drinking is linked to gut microbiome changes
The alterations are linked with poor ability to recognise emotions and cravings to consume alcohol.
www.sciencedaily.com
Interesting. It is not clear what direction of causality is being proposed, from this I guess it is the bugs in your gut making you drink more which seems a bit wild.TIL: from Science Daily. Binge Drinking and your microbiome
Researchers discover that youth binge drinking is linked to gut microbiome changes
The alterations are linked with poor ability to recognise emotions and cravings to consume alcohol.www.sciencedaily.com
In conclusion, this research demonstrates alterations in the gut microbiome of young binge drinkers and identifies early biomarkers of craving. Associations between emotional processing and microbiome composition further support the growing literature on the gut microbiome as a regulator of social cognition. These findings are of relevance for new gut-derived interventions directed at improving early alcohol-related alterations during the vulnerability period of adolescence.
The thing I am not convinced by is how they define binge drinking:
Binge drinking is the most common pattern of alcohol misuse during adolescence in Western countries. This pattern of repeated intoxications is usually defined as the consumption of a large amount of alcohol within a short period of time, leading to a blood alcohol concentration of at least 0.8 g/l. One in three young Europeans and North Americans engage in frequent binge drinking.
0.8 g/l is the legal drink drive limit, right? So about 2 pints? I am not convinced that is really misuse. That is a pretty standard pub lunch at most places I have worked, an no where near what I would put as a useful threshold to identify problem drinking.
Snowygerry
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That's an abomination, if you must consume a large amount of alcohol, do it over a long period of time, preferably while eating also.
There is no hurry in getting drunk, at least there shouldn't be.
After checking up I shall clarify a couple of things:
Original quote I replied to:
0.8 g/l is the drink drive limit. I have been lead to believe that is two pints. Two pints in two hours is very sensible spreading it out in my opinion, given that one is going out drinking. This also makes it much the same as the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse binge drinking threshold.
The WHO threshold for heavy episodic drinking:
1.2 liters of 5% beer is 60g alcohol. One occasion would be I guess one evening? What proportion of the western world that drinks would this exclude?
I am not trying to play down any of the various dangers that drink poses, but is it really helpful to have such low thresholds? I think this is worth a thread.
Chukchi Husky
Lone Wolf
This isn't exactly today but something I've known for a while and was reminded of again today.
During the making of Sonic 3, Michael Jackson was brought in to help with the music and he brought his music team with him. He would leave because he wasn't satisfied with the sound quality of the Mega Drive, but there are still a few songs in the game that come from him and his team. Some of these songs would be patched out with Sonic & Knuckles and later removed with the Sonic Origins re-release.
One member of Michael Jackson's team was Brad Buxer, who is mentioned in the credits of Sonic 3. He decided to take a then unreleased song from his former band and rework it into the IceCap Zone music.
During the making of Sonic 3, Michael Jackson was brought in to help with the music and he brought his music team with him. He would leave because he wasn't satisfied with the sound quality of the Mega Drive, but there are still a few songs in the game that come from him and his team. Some of these songs would be patched out with Sonic & Knuckles and later removed with the Sonic Origins re-release.
One member of Michael Jackson's team was Brad Buxer, who is mentioned in the credits of Sonic 3. He decided to take a then unreleased song from his former band and rework it into the IceCap Zone music.
I'd also say that the conclusion for a causality is absolutely not proven in the setup.
I've not had a look at the limit and if you're right on this, but if so, then this is isn't exactly worth this magazine TBH.
(although they did a lot of stuff, it seems)
How did you react when you read that the English wish 'fie' on people?
TIL:
BYSHARON GUYNUP
PUBLISHED APRIL 13, 2023
Arthritis has plagued humanity for millennia. More than 2,000 years ago, Hippocrates, “the father of Western medicine,” weighed in on a possible cause. He recognized a connection between oral infection and joint issues. He suggested pulling teeth could cure arthritis. He was on the right track, sort of. Infected gums release bacteria into the bloodstream where they are targeted as invaders by the immune system. And chronic gum infection sparks an ongoing war; immune cells course through the body, causing collateral damage by destroying tissue, even far from the mouth, including the joints. “We discovered that the immune response to oral bacteria in the blood was associated with joint flare-ups,” says Camille Brewer, a Stanford University graduate student. She was lead author on recent study that provides insights into how oral disease and arthritis may be connected. With regularly scheduled blood tests for people with and without rheumatoid arthritis, her team discovered the first real-time correlation between oral pathogen levels in the blood and joint pain.
As the immune system attacks its own tissues, joints grow painful and swell; hands, wrists, and knees may become misshapen. “Within 10 years of onset, 50 percent of people with rheumatoid arthritis are disabled and unable to work,” says William Robinson, a Stanford professor of medicine. Hundreds of studies over the past few decades have explored how severe oral disease may cause or worsen other serious diseases. “There’s increasing evidence that periodontitis (gum disease) exacerbates other inflammatory diseases,” says Thomas Van Dyke, vice president of clinical and translational research at the Massachusetts-based Forsyth Institute and professor at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. These include heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which affects some one million people in the United States. Greater understanding of the connection between oral health and joint health may yield new or improved arthritis treatment that prevents joint flare-ups.
This seems to be at the heart of what is known as “the oral-systemic disease” link, Van Dyke says, often creating a double whammy. People with gum disease tend to have more severe rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis sufferers develop infected gums at 20 times the rate of those without it.
Can gum infections trigger arthritis symptoms? There's growing evidence of a link.
Researchers are exploring the connection between oral health and joint health—with surprising results.BYSHARON GUYNUP
PUBLISHED APRIL 13, 2023
Arthritis has plagued humanity for millennia. More than 2,000 years ago, Hippocrates, “the father of Western medicine,” weighed in on a possible cause. He recognized a connection between oral infection and joint issues. He suggested pulling teeth could cure arthritis. He was on the right track, sort of. Infected gums release bacteria into the bloodstream where they are targeted as invaders by the immune system. And chronic gum infection sparks an ongoing war; immune cells course through the body, causing collateral damage by destroying tissue, even far from the mouth, including the joints. “We discovered that the immune response to oral bacteria in the blood was associated with joint flare-ups,” says Camille Brewer, a Stanford University graduate student. She was lead author on recent study that provides insights into how oral disease and arthritis may be connected. With regularly scheduled blood tests for people with and without rheumatoid arthritis, her team discovered the first real-time correlation between oral pathogen levels in the blood and joint pain.
As the immune system attacks its own tissues, joints grow painful and swell; hands, wrists, and knees may become misshapen. “Within 10 years of onset, 50 percent of people with rheumatoid arthritis are disabled and unable to work,” says William Robinson, a Stanford professor of medicine. Hundreds of studies over the past few decades have explored how severe oral disease may cause or worsen other serious diseases. “There’s increasing evidence that periodontitis (gum disease) exacerbates other inflammatory diseases,” says Thomas Van Dyke, vice president of clinical and translational research at the Massachusetts-based Forsyth Institute and professor at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. These include heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which affects some one million people in the United States. Greater understanding of the connection between oral health and joint health may yield new or improved arthritis treatment that prevents joint flare-ups.
Untangling the how and why
Scientists are still teasing out the mechanisms behind this relationship. One clue came from a 2019 genetic analysis of dental plaque by a team including Purnima Kumar, who chairs the Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry. It compared microbes in plaque samples from 22 RA patients with samples from 19 people without joint disease. The team discovered that simply having rheumatoid arthritis impacted the normal balance of bacteria in the mouth, even in patients who had seemingly healthy gums. “When you have periodontal disease or rheumatoid arthritis,” Kumar says, “you have dysbiosis”—a pathogen-rich environment in the mouth. Other researchers have documented more serious periodontal disease in RA patients with advanced joint disease, including gums riddled with deep ulcerations and lost teeth. Advanced RA can also damage the heart, arteries, skin, and eyes. Brewer’s study didn’t look at either the mouth or the joints: It tracked what was happening in the blood. The team took weekly blood samples from five women with rheumatoid arthritis for up to four years; two had active oral disease. For baseline data, researchers analyzed blood and joint fluid from 67 people with and without arthritis and/or gum disease. They found that the same antibodies that recognize a particular chemical modification on several species of oral bacteria mistakenly attack proteins in the joints that display the same chemical changes. This has led to the hypothesis that antibodies multiplying in the blood to fight oral bacteria also target the joints. However, Brewer’s study was small, and it will take more research to prove that these antibodies are truly a smoking gun, Van Dyke says. Other inquiries will need to explore in greater detail exactly how these oral and joint diseases interact, and to identify the oral bacteria “driver species” that trigger or exacerbate joint problems.Connecting the dots between the mouth and the joints
Ancient evidence of arthritis was documented in 1907, when researchers excavated Nubian skeletons—up to 4,000 years old—from Egyptian archaeological sites. They noted that "scarcely a single adult in the group had escaped osteo-arthritic changes in the bones.” There’s also a long history of the struggle to maintain a healthy mouth: Egyptians treated infected gums with myrrh around the year 250. Both remain serious health concerns today. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common joint autoimmune disease, and former surgeon general David Satcher characterized periodontal disease as a “silent epidemic” in his landmark 2020 report on oral health. It currently affects nearly half of Americans over 30 and 70 percent by age 65. While the dental and medical professions remain separate disciplines with little cross-consultation, the mouth is the gateway to the body. It offers a warm, wet habitat for 700-plus species of bacteria that has been likened to a metropolis, second in size only to the gut microbiome. This microbial community forms a sticky matrix of plaque, or biofilm, along the gumline and between teeth. It survives in a finely orchestrated dance with the immune system, Kumar says. Only a few species are pathogenic, she notes, and those are kept under control within this larger bacterial community. Trouble starts when something tips the balance. Inflammation changes that ecosystem, triggering the rise of dysbiosis, Van Dyke says. Poor dental hygiene or medical conditions including rheumatoid arthritis impact this bacterial ecosystem in the mouth, allowing virulent species such Porphyromonas gingivalis and others to win turf wars. Given the opportunity, these bad-actor microbes grow out of control, much like invasive species, infecting tissue below the gumline. This opens wounds that allow bacteria to slip into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. In response, an army of immune cells—lymphocytes and macrophages—attack. While this immune onslaught keeps us healthy and fosters healing over the short term, ongoing inflammation wreaks havoc.This seems to be at the heart of what is known as “the oral-systemic disease” link, Van Dyke says, often creating a double whammy. People with gum disease tend to have more severe rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis sufferers develop infected gums at 20 times the rate of those without it.
Treating gum disease for whole-body health
Everybody has plaque in their mouths, but some people have a more robust inflammatory response. “There's clearly a susceptibility factor; probably a genetic factor,” Van Dyke says. While still early, convincing data is emerging that people with periodontitis are at greater risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory illnesses. Van Dyke adds that those with both systemic disease and oral disease are potentially in the crosshairs for other health “events,” such as worsening diabetes, heart attack, or joint flare-ups. To find out if a healthier mouth could help RA patients, Kumar and her team treated their oral disease, scaling and root-planing their teeth, a type of deep dental cleaning. They compared inflammation markers in the mouth and systemic markers in the blood measured before and after. The markers that were specific for rheumatoid arthritis dropped. That shows that “along with treating your arthritis, you should also be treating your gum disease to break the cycle,” Kumar says. Bleeding, red, swollen gums are not normal. “If you’re spitting blood into the sink when you brush, seek professional care,” she advises. Simple cleaning, deep cleaning, or surgery can help build back lost tissue. It’s clear that consistent brushing, flossing, and rinsing are critical for everyone, Kumar says. “If you care about your body, you need to protect the doors to your house.”
It's a giant in the story, not a troll.
Surely you are joking, mr Takhiman
You're on my team and I don't even know who you is.
Today I learned about Barry Bremen, The Great Imposter, who pretended to be a sports star at major sporting events and once accepted an Emmy between 1979-86.
Today I learned about Barry Bremen, The Great Imposter, who pretended to be a sports star at major sporting events and once accepted an Emmy between 1979-86.
So maybe he was calling me an Englishman called Shirley.
You remember the rest of the rhyme, right?
"Be he alive or be he dead,
I'll grind his bones to make my bread!"
Sounds a bit violent.
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