Inspired by my previous post, in this post I thought to write something about a cavalry forgotten (or poorly known) by Anglo-Saxon history writing, but what was the deadliest cavalry force in the 17th century Europe!
During Thirty Years War in the 17th century there was a famous Finnish cavalry unit, the Hakkapeliitta-cavalry, that was the decisive force of Gustafus Adoplhus (the Snow King). This Finnish cavalry unit had previously in the Poland's War ended the long glorious history of Polish cavalry by vanquishing them in the Battle of Wallhoff 1625. The following decades the Finnish Hakkapeliitta cavalry trashed every Central European cavalry that they faced. A major battle for the Hakkapeliitta was the Battle of Breitenfeld September 7th, 1631, where they trashed Warmarshal Pappenheim's 6 heavily armored Vallonian cuirassier regiments (in addition the Hakkapeliitta took Tilly's artillery and trashed 4 Tilly's elite infantry regiments that he had kept in reserve). In the battle of Lüzen 1632 Hakkapeliitta gained victory over the Polish and Croatian cavalries (the Croatian cavalry was the "finest of the emperor", most feared force of the German emperor). Gustavus Adolphus himself often commanded the Finnish cavalry, since their important force in the battle, but well known also as Hakkapeliitta commanders are colonels Stålhandske and Wunch.
Here's couple of info bits of the Hakkapeliitta:
The Finnish cavalry was known as the Hakkapeliitta, after their war cry "hakkaa päälle!" which translates as "knock them down". That was also the battle tactics of the cavalry: unlike Western European cavalries of the era that made maneuvers to be able to shoot, the Finnish cavalry trusted on swift charge and melee combat. The cavalry was armed with long sabres, their leathermail was made of elk hide and they wore a steel helmet. The color of the uniform was gray. The horses were Finnish horses (suomenhevonen) that were not too big, but could perform long without tiring. Each man in the Hakkapeliitta was a voluntary. The Finnish peasants got a tax relief if they maintained a cavalry soldier (so they were usually sons of the landowning peasants).
A French mercenary described in his diary the Hakkapeliitta followingly: "Finns are mostly short by growth, but very courageous and withstand well hard conditions. They can live with small food rations and don't care for luxuries. The German weather they think is mild even during the winter, compared to the cold climate of their home country. They are real ironeaters, for they aren't afraid of any kind of weapons and none of them have been wounded from behind. If someone of them should show his back to the enemy, the others wouldn't consider him a Finn any more. It is fun to watch them preparing for the battle. They have their own whetstones with them, and as soon as the drums start drumming, they start sharpen their swords. From distance one could think it's a band of butchers sharpening their tools, or men preparing to harvest hay. But you don't want to play with the Finns, when battle begins!"
Fun info: Still today Finns shout "hakkaa päälle" for example in icehockey games to cheer their team.