I get what you're saying but its not from military spamming though. In fact I enjoy very much the tactical aspect of Civ 5 that you describe. My issue with 1UPT is not that I miss the SOD, I can care less about that. What irks me the most about 1UPT is that it makes it impossible for you to move your missionaries and other non combat units around. To me, all the non-combat paths that Civ 4 introduced or expanded upon was a big part of what made the game so great. Civ 5 just makes all that stuff so tedious because of the logjams.
As for the larger issue that you raise... I think that Civ 3 had the beginnings of what was a great approach to that... resource depletion. Civ 5 tries to do this a little with the strategic resource caps on your units, but they don't go far enough. I would like to see a system where you can only build X units with a resource, then its gone, all military units require a resource, and you also have to give up population to produce military units. That would put some pretty hard caps on military spam.