This is what I think after winning 4 games on soyuz various ways and once on apollo, with less mentionable wins at lower difficulties.
With the state of the game as it is, there's no real reason to have more than 5 cities on any size map, unless you just feel like it. 5 is even overkill really. Look at it like this. Most games will last 240 turns max. Time and resources spent toward colonist, military expansion and protection, and the health hit/number of city various penalties, is better spent other ways toward victory. That said, I've found prosperity to be overkill. In bang-for-the-buck over time, you get the best mileage from industry and might, depending on victory intent.
Also there's no real reason to have a city size much over 15 in end game. 12-14 is optimal, because think about it, most of your income doesn't come from tiles or specialists proportionately, but from trade routes. Size 6 city is a solid city early on, size 8 or 9 is relatively just as contributory to your empire as a 12, and by 16 you're paying more time and money into health and food, just to feed people, than the benefit you'd have had making or buying military at size 12. Health doesn't matter much? Another great reason to not take prosperity because the second best 2nd tier is +7 health. By that time I could have had martial meditation (+1 affinity might), independence network (+25% interior trade route yield industry), or a solid lead on a flushed 2nd tier knowledge free tech, as anticipated springboard, plus everything that came before.
Knowledge is like a secondary to industry or might, so like open industry, go might or knowledge, or open might, go industry or knowledge. Further, most games I play I don't even reach 3rd tier virtues or even come close to fleshing out second, so nothing past that even matters.
I'm not going to tell anyone how to play. You can go sputnik level and ics 12 cities if you like it, that's cool. I personally don't even like prosperity and won't use it.
edit : added "and food just to feed people".