Rezca
The Greatest Jaggi
That's it. Go and steal their advanced techs; change their civics/religion (when they change back, that likely results in anarch for them); aid rebel factions (with a constant effort you may brake an empire in halves or even smaller parts).
Except technology stealing loses it's value after the Medieval and until the early Industrial, unless you can really afford to push 40 ~ 60 % on the Esp slider for a dozen or two terns per tech against one AI. High Level espionage like that isn't really worth it until Jails and the like begin appearing. If you can get Fascism early then that's great.
I think forced Religion change also had its espionage count like, quadrupled or more so I've never used it. If I can pay them to switch I will. What's 700g or an out of date tech compared to losing forty turns of Espionage saving?

I think city revolts (In certain cities, though it only lasts a single turn) and if you can afford it, Anarchy missions - are the best way to go.
The problem I've seen with the costs for Stealing Techs isn't exactly their cost in themselves, but of how rapidly they spike upwards in that cost while the rate you can get Esp points remains low as before. You're going through the Classic with maybe 2,500 ~ 6,000 for a tech, then they magically spike up to 16,000 ~ 45,000 or more once you send them into someone's territory during the early Medieval, and it just goes up from there, while your empire still produces a meager amount of espionage. The science rate will go up eventually, but unless you focus your entire empire on producing espionage - which will end up further crippling your research and position on the tech tree - you aren't going to catch up to that new massive leap in esp costs
.
There's not a lot of espionage boosting buildings before Jails and the like hit the scene, so it's pretty disheartening to see half the world with a tech you won't get for 30 ~ 40 turns and no one - even your best of friends - will consider trading it with you, and you can't steal it nor buy it. Well at least it is for someone like me, who used and abused spies almost all the time in BTS. Almost always had my Espionage slider at 10 ~ 25 % at all times when I found out how much fun Advanced Espionage was

Takes some getting used to I know, but I've yet to find a reliable way to get a good or decent espionage income after the research cost spike that doesn't involve crippling me elsewhere.