I can answer a bit on the issue of sectarianism:
It's still quite a big problem, at least where I live (Lothians and the Borders, Midlothian to be precise). The orange order parades don't do much to help and infact make the situation worse, all they do is remind people that there is still a "divide" of sorts.
The thing is that sectarianism is now tied intrinsically with football nowadays, so much so that it's an automatically assumed that if you support Celtic or Hibs you're a catholic and a protestant if you support Hearts or Rangers.
It's very shameful and as someone who has been an army brat and travelled around with Scottish people (I am Scottish myself as well) it's something that seems to be uniquely Scottish in that I have only really seen Scottish kids engage in it (at school).
There's also a degree of racism behind it: If you're a catholic you'll often hear insults about being a "fenian" (a word for Irish terrorists) and it's assumed you're of Irish descent, regardless if that's the case of not.