These where all in Civ1 too.
no. resource came with civ3. in civ2, there were some "resources" which only gave food/shields. and they were very very common. 2-3 in each BFC maybe. else than their extra food/shild, they were just symbols of wheat, fur etc. for example, when you chop a forest with fur, you could get a plains with wheat

in civ2 also you could transform plains to grassland loosing the resource bec grasslands couldn't have resource on it. grasslands were just either "empty" or" with circle" with our terminology. (either2Food or 2Food1Shield)
but resources in that matter of civ4, came only with civ3. resource obligations for strategic resource for training a unit, railroad, fastening of building spacehip parts etc.
great persons came with civ4 and it is 1of the most important changes from old civs to civ4.
yes, there were some specalists in old civs and SMAC, but you didn't get any points by them and no GP was born.