New patch up.
I have not yet changed the way ports work; it is certainly a consideration, as I think you are right.
I gave the advanced natives 2 additional settler units each and guards to go with them; the Inca get migrants since I want to keep them west of the Andes, the Aztec and Maya get the advanced settlers.
Jungle terrain now produces 1 food and 1 shield, and I added bonus grassland and some cattle to the caribbean.
The colonist no longer requires support, but the hearty colonist still does.
The Textile Mill represents an advanced (for the time) textile plant, but 'textile mill' is the appropriate term for such a plant. Milling is mainly a reference to wind, water, or slave driven devices used to process some of the resources like coffee or sugar. I have a good picture for milling as an icon, but I haven't 'made' the icon yet, and probably won't include any graphics in any beta patches, up until I release an entirely new version.
Yes, winning or retiring will result in a crash. It can be temporarily fixed, but it would take an hour of repetitive cutting-and-pasting, and I'd have to do it again when I got final LHs, so I currently have no plans on fixing it for the Beta; its very minor, as it just means you won't get to see the victory screen, not that you can't win.
The other things you mentioned are also fixed in the patch, along with most stuff I already said I'd fix in the next patch
Also, Eastian: I initially considered this, as a Conquistadore would better fit New Spain's civ traits, but I decided I'd prefer a more civil main leader for them and stick Cortez and Pizarro in as the first two military great leaders. And welcome to CFC!