Lol, I was never sure how to use espionage, does this mean it's not important? The game I originally started the thread with, I mainly used spies to scout nations that didn't have open borders with me.
Glorious waste of hammers ...I did say that game was a right hot mess.

Anyway we won't be paying much mind to espionage. The minimum you can do is set focus to Mansa Musa for now which will eventually let you see what he is teching. So you focus it on the best techer you know and that is Mansa (he's the best in the game and trades freely with anyone..only AI in the game that does so). So a passive way of using your points.
On a general note, as you learn here your perspective will start to change hopefully so that you value every bit of food, every hammer used, every worker turn and...well...every turn.
I'm on turn 45 now, here's my progress. Luckily I have copper nearby but I'm not sure which tile to settle on. Any other general thoughts would also be great. I did turn off research twice because I was running out of gold. I also chopped 3 forests in the capital, but I wasn't sure if that was a good move or not. Should I save the rest of them for pyramids?
Not sure how you manage tiles between cities. things look ok but I might have grown to at least size 3 in Kyoto on a warrior. Chops into settler was the right thing. Settler 2 has decent timing here.
Switch to slavery when the settler pops. Often good to make that switch (when not Spiritual), when a settler is moving...often it is the first one but here BW was not in yet.
Ofc, there has been some turns that have passed so I don't see everything but appears you are managing the 0%/100% idea well here. I'm pleased to see that you are finishing POT at 100% with just about the right amount of gold in the bank.
******I'd pose one question to you here: Can you see the issue with the roads between the cow and Osaka? Why is that wrong? What would have been better?*****************
City 2 obviously should go between the corn an copper. Obviously this gives you access to the copper but there is another nice thing here.. it gives access to corn immediately...no need for monument now. Something to think about when settling cities. Corn/Copper spot worked out well here.
I'd go to Writing after POT.... check leaders and their worst enemies...OB with anyone who is not a WE of someone else and possibly some that are but we can assess that later. You will get a feel for this diplo stuff. Generally the ideal thing is to OB with everyone...that is what you want. But you get someone like Brennus who is often hated a lot and it makes that tougher.
After Writing go Myst>Masonry>Maths. Whip a Monument in Osaka cause we want that city to pop borders for more forests. Osaka will build Mids with at least 5 Maths chops. Do not chop the forests around Osaka for now
Two related notes here:
1) Never whip anything on the turn 0 of a build (or in other words without at least 1 hammer invested) as the whip has a penalty. Rare case would be an emergency whip. (we will go into whipping more later)
3) Forests are 20H pre-Maths and 30H with Maths. Forests in cultural borders and BFC are worth more than outside...this is why I want Osaka to pop borders