Poland woke up in the second half of XVIII century as a Russian vassal (not in theory, but in reality), without real gouverment. Three our neighbours guarded the anarchic laws not to allow Poland to get stronger, and most of the gentry seemed OK with it, just as long as the king will not grow in power and threaten their "golden freedom". First irony was that a guy who became polish king just because he was a lover of Russian tzarine (Stanislaw A. Poniatowski) was to change that.
Second irony was that he was in fact once caught by the tzar, but he managed to convince him that killing him and letting out that he's being betrayed would be devastating for Peter III's already bad reputation, so he brought Katherine II's back to his bed.
Thirdly: while polish reformers wanted to fix the state to make it stronger and save it from our neighbours, Poland was divided between neighbours (finally in 1795) exactly BECAUSE of the reforms.
Fourthly: a year after the final partage of Poland, Katherine II died and new tzar regarded himself son of Poniatowski - a year more and Poland would have been saved
And fourth irony was that just a couple of year later on, Napoleon would have came and change our gouverment to a modern one anyway...
(though polish uprisings tied prussian and russian forces and helped french revolution, so perhaps it is not so)