Can you borrow from the State at cheap conditions (in France, UK, else) as student ?
Worst case in NL is that you borrow from the state all cost of living (maxed borrowing depending on details 800-1000 euro per month)
You have to pay that back (since the 2018 new rules) in 35 years. The interest rate for the next 5 years is 0.00 % and this is changed when state interest changes (losely coupled to bond rates).
When your income after your study is low, your max monthly payback is adapted and residual debt after 35 years remitted.
Here is the government calculator site for students where they can calculate how much to pay per month when they work as function of income:
https://www.duo.nl/apps/rekenhulp-terugbetalen/index.html#/terugbetalend/draagkracht
For example if you would have a study debt of 50,000 Euro when finished (and are single household):
(I used that rather high 50k debt to show that there is nothing really to worry about. It is also so that this study debt is (by law) not registred at the national debt registration)
At a gross before income tax year income of 20,000 Euro you should pay 119 Euro per month, but you do not need to pay, because you income is too low.
At 30,000 gross income per year you pay 32 Euro per month (instead of that 119).
At 40,000 gross income per year you pay 65 Euro per month (instead of that 119)
At 50,000 gross income per year you pay 98 Euro per month (instead of that 119)
At 56,000 gross income per year you have reached the break even where you pay 119 Euro per month.
Average gross income in NL for a fulltime job is approx 44,000 per year.
Average gross income people that have done a university education is approx 50,000.
=> If you end up the rest of your life unemployed you pay back zero.
=>=> The State is taking the risk.
Now... I know (from my daughters at that students age) that many young people here feel really burdened by that feeling of a mill stone around their necks from that debt. But they shouldn't.
EDIT
Oh... and WHO is paying for all that ???
Well... if you have a progressive income tax system, whereby higher incomes pay higher income tax, the people that benefitted from their high education pay with their on average higher income and higher income tax pay the risk.