You can enter the worldbuilder (CTRL-w when in the game) and save the map there. You'll want to use the 4000BC save for that because then the world hasn't been touched by worker improvements. I guess that will work, but I've never done it myself.
Here you can find a description of a number of the map types but not all of them. Often the best way to get an idea of what a map type looks like is by just starting a few games on such a map and then entering the worldbuilder to have a look at the map.
In the world builder you can set starting positions I think. I haven't tried it before.
These questions are closely related to modding civ4. It's pretty limited modding as you only try to get some map settings right, but playing on a custom map is still modding. Therefore, the best place to get more detailed answers would be the modding section of this forum. You can find it
here.
There are some guides there and you can also answer questions there. You'll have to start a new thread though.
You can start a custom game and remove the time victory as a victory condition.
If you don't do that, you can still play on after a victory condition has been reached but the scoring will stop.
By the way, welcome to civfanatics!