Pharoahs of Egypt (New Stuff is Italicized)
Upper Egypt
Predynastic Period
Much of this time is lost to mythology, but it is known that several small city-states flourished in the area which would someday become Egypt, gradually growing in strength until one would be able to declare itself 'the' Egyptian kingdom.
Dynasty I
Der (3010-2947) was the near-mythic figure who first united Egypt, defeating the King of Thinis and establishing a capital at Thebes. He distinguished himself from the predynastic rulers, and immortalized his name by building the first of the pyramids.
Det (2947-2912) spent most of his years fighting against a coalition of rival states upriver from Thebes.
Tety (2912-2878) completed Det's wars, and began a great conquest northwards. He introduced the first chariots into the Egyptian army.
Tety II (2878-2870) saw the great campaign northwards halt to a stop, and died prematurely from a plague, along with many relatives, bringing an end to the first dynasty.
Dynasty II
Heshet (2870-2841), whose origins are unknown, established his rule over Egypt and ruled the nation in prosperity for much of his reign. As he approached old age, however, separatism was beginning to grow in the south.
Takha (2841-2808) quickly found himself fighting a civil war, against an enemy whose name has been lost (or perhaps erased) from history. Little is known of the war, but the Kingdom of Egypt was badly damaged during the war.
Sekheret (2808-2770) ruled capably, but Egypt remained weak. Several other forces from within and outside made their moves throughout his reign, culminating in his assasination and the end of the Second Dynasty.
1st Interdynastic Period (2770-2504)
After Sekheret's assasination, the Kingdom of Egypt based around Thebes was torn apart, and Egypt once again split into numerous city-states. Internicine warfare and the destruction of many relics of the earlier dynasties marked this period. It would not end until an alliance of various states subdued all other forces, finally re-establishing peace.
1st Oligarchic Period (2504-2329)
Numerous minor Kings ruled their cities, governing Egypt with a council. Egypt experienced a cultural blossoming at this time. Unfortunately, the government grew unstable as conditions outside of the nation worsened, and the Oligarchy collapsed. Due to the lack of many great central figures during this time, and the destruction wreaked by the following Interdynastic Period, a complete list of leaders from the Oligarchic Period is impossible to make.
2nd Interdynastic Period (2329-2180)
While many argue that as the Oligarchic period had no central leader, the Second Interdynastic and Oligarchic Periods should both be grouped under the First Interdynastic Period, the majority of Egyptologists argue that the unique Oligarchic Period constitutes enough of a break to justify a different name for the continuing period lacking in Pharaohs.
The Second Interdynastic saw a resumption of the chaos from the First, although this time the scale was larger, as several of the Delta Kingdoms became involved. Numerous groups experienced exceedingly brief times of dominance before being overthrown and torn apart again. Stable government would return only after the rise of the part-Nubian Meneset, who established the Third Dynasty.
Dynasty III
Meneset (2180-2153) set up a capital in Thebes, and with the help of Nubian forces and mercenaries crushed the other forces in Egypt, destroying many of their cities. Only a coalition in the Delta resisted his rule. With Egypt firmly reunited, Meneset turned Thebes, the only remaining city that was largely intact, into the cultural light of Egypt.
Meneset II (2153-2088), known commonly as 'The Great', turned Egypt into an economic powerhouse, opening up trading links with the Mediterranean and Nubia. He had a colossal pyramid built over the course of his long reign, and built countless temples, palaces, and other structures in Thebes. In his later years, he became less concerned with Egypt, and retired to palace life.
Meneset III (2088-2071) was the first of his fathers many sons, and a weak ruler. After ruling ineffectually for several years, some of his more powerful brothers revolted. A brief civil war was fought, resulting in the deaths of the rebels. Then, Meneset's general Khave, betrayed him, killed him, and took the throne by force.
Dynasty IV
Khave (2071-2045) ruled Egypt by military force for several years, suppressing many resisters and working to discredit the previous dynasty. He eventually began to claim that many of Menekhet the Great's works had been his own, a claim which would be maintained by his son.
Khaba (2045-2033) was yet another military Pharaoh, albeit slightly less adept than his father. Rivals to the north and south preyed at his realm, but he managed to hold the core of his nation together, before a plague prematurely ended his reign.
Khaba II (2033-2012) was less militaristic than his predecessors, but maintained his iron grip on Thebes. Throughout his reign, a popular campaign began to form against him. He died fighting off a revolution led by the future Pharaoh, Kesh.
Dynasty V
Kesh (2012-1944) overthrew the part-Nubian Khaba II, and put the nation back under pure-Egyptian leadership. Thebes flourished, and the Cult of Thoth began to grow dramatically.
Kesh II (1944-1923) was noted as a fervent follower of the cult of Thoth, exaggerating his father's preferences. He began the construction of several of Egypt's current great temples.
Kesh III (1923-1911) was a relatively minor king, noted mostly for several campaigns which expanded the Kingdom northwards, towards the upstart Mennaforis.
Kesh IV (1911-1911) a very young king, disappeared from the throne, to be succeeded by his uncle Djezzer.
Dynasty VI
Djezzer (1911-1882) ruled Egypt during an unstable time after the mysterious disappearance of Kesh IV, a crime which brings suspicions of Djezzer's complicity.
Sjetara (1882-1831) was the only son of Djezzer, and ruled Egypt during a particularly peaceful time. He ensured peaceful relations with Mennafor, and trade flourished.
Djezzer II (1831-1808) continued his father's peaceful rule, until the descendents of Kesh IV made their revolutionary return.
Dynasty VII
Kesh V (1808- 1789) claimed to be a descendant of the Fifth Dynasty, which had gone into hiding after the ascent of Djezzer. He overthrew Djezzer II and reasserted his lineage's claim on the throne.
Kesh VI (1789-1770) began a spree of temple building throughout Egypt, and led several campaigns southwards, eventually halting upon reaching the border of the Organized Kingdom of Kush. His dynasty would be ended by a relatively minor plague, combined by the poor health of his bloodline.
Dynasty VIII
Cambys-Ra (1770-1751) quickly took over after the demise of the seventh dynasty, instating the Cult of Ra throughout the country.
Anub-Ra (1751- 1737) began the construction of a new generation of Ra-dedicated temples in Thebes.
Dekhet-Ra (1737-1714) began the first purges of non-Ra cults in Egypt.
Arak-Ra (1714-1699) continued his father's work, though with somewhat less skill, resulting in a large amount of discontent building against his reign.
Kyvis-Ra (1699-1677) began his reign with an end to the religious purges, establishing freedom of worship for all Egyptian Cults.
Darmner-Ra (1677-1652) continued to allow increasing freedoms for the Cults, gaining himself both many friends and many enemies. He died from wouds from an assasin's arrow, and was succeeded by his younger and more radical brother.
Tabis-Ra (1652-1616) was suspected in the killing of his brother Pharaoh, but this was never proven. He reinstated the supremacy of the Cult of Ra, and his measure became progressively more extreme throughout his life. Around the end of his long reign, he began a purge of the followers of the heretic cult of Aton and the insidious cult of Thoth. Followers of these two faiths banded together with other members of the oppressed, and overthrew Tabis-Ra, ending the longstanding eighth dynasty.
3rd Interdynastic Period (1616-1498)
Following the downfall of Tabis-Ra, the Cult of Ra was finally put back in its place. Several major cults then vied for power, putting up a quick succession of Pharaohs, often overlapping and always short-reigning. Various Theocracies set up their bases of power in the cities, and the country functioned without central leadership. However, the Kushites were beginning to put pressure on Egypt's southern border.
The Third Interdynastic came to its end with the second ascendance of the Cult of Thoth. Once again based out of Thebes, a great philosopher-general named Tothis reorganized Egypt by force, and claimed the throne which had been vacant for over a century.
Dynasty IX
Tothis (1498-1480) re-established the role of the Pharaoh, and kept Egypt in a state of peace throughout the wars of Aikatarna.
Tothis II (1480-1446) began the reconstruction of several Thoth temples from Dynasties Five and Seven.
Tothis III (1446-1430) was a rather uninvolved leader, merely continuing the status quo of his father.
Tothis IV (1430- 1391) began a dramatic program to spread literacy and education throughout Egypt. While he angered traditionalists, he managed to keep the peace throughout his reign.
Tothis V (1391-1374) continued the fourth's policies, and constructed a great university in the city of Thebes. Towards the end of his reign, relations with Hadhramaut began to sour, due to a trading dispute. He died without a male heir, so after much theocratic debate, his eldest daughter became the first female Pharoah.
Sytha (1374-1348) proved to be an adroit leader, managing to keep the peace with the increasingly war-ready Mennaforis. Towards the end of her reign, she began to rebuild the Egyptian army, to fight off the growing threats of Mennafor and Kush.
Sekhis (1348-1320) was the first son of Sytha, and proved to be a very strong leader. More interested in war than knowledge, he joined into the Cult of Sekhmet, causing a great deal of instability. Sekhis managed to strong-arm his new ways past the theocracy, and the army of Egypt grew dramatically in strength and influence.
Sekhis II (1320-1291) was as enamoured with war as his father, though somewhat more rash. He nearly went to war with Mennafor on two occasions, held back only by threats from the powerful, and still Thoth-dominated theocracy.
Sekhis III (1291-1280) was a skilled domestic leader, though not the same military enthusiast as his predecessors, but ironically it was he who would be the only one to march to war. Honouring his predecessors, he agreed to an alliance with Kypris and attacked Mennafor with his great army. While he fought off and destroyed the majority of the Mennafori army, Kypris took the northern Delta, then traded it to him in exchange for recognition of Kyprisian dominance over Cyrenaica.
Mennafor had become partly Teshupist by this point, and Sekhis III found himself dealing with a new, and dramatically different kind of religious minority. Nonetheless, it is generally regarded that the brief reign of Sekhis III was the zenith of Egyptian power. He died prematurely in a plague, before his wife could give birth to an heir.
Dynasty X
Note: Some consider this to be Dynasty I of United Egypt, but the majority insist that as Upper Egypt had conquered Mennafor, the dynasty count should continue. The fact that the Tenth Dynasty was a Mennafori family complicates this point, though it is this historian's opinion that the power remained in the South, and thus their counting system should prevail.
Djerib (1280-1266) quickly made a claim to the throne upon Sekhis III's death. While this was contested, Djerib used his considerable influence in the cults of the Delta to force his way onto the throne. Most of his reign was spent fighting rebellious elements in Upper Egypt.
Djeka (1266-1247) didn't help the instability in Egypt, by attempting to move the capital to Memphis. Constant internal conflicts prevented him from managing to notice a far greater threat, that of Kush. In 1248, the Kushites invaded, and with their abnormally advanced weapons and tactics quickly overran Upper Egypt. Djeka fled to Memphis, but was killed by assasins shortly after his arrival.
Dynasty XI
Amarkhet (1247-1213) was a general of Upper Egyptian stock who quickly seized power after Djeka's death. He fought the Kushites to a stalemate, but was unable to retake Thebes. Under heavy Hadhrami diplomatic pressure, he signed a humiliating peace treaty, surrendering Thebes and everything south of it. Amarkhet spent the remainder of his reign stabilizing Egypt, which had been radically reshaped over the previous half-century.
Amarkhet II (1213-1182) was the first Pharaoh to officially acknowledge the presence of Teshupism in Egypt, and began to rebuild the armies which were largely destroyed during the Kushite conquest of the south.
Amarkhet III (1182-1155) continued the military buildup, and began projects to limit the spread of Teshupism through Egypt.
Amarkhet IV (1155-1149) ruled only briefly, and is known most for massive amounts of court infighting which resulted in his premature death, under suspicious circumstances.
Teshupet (1149-1119) was the nephew of Amarkhet III, and was the closest living relative to the throne when Amarkhet IV died. He had been raised as a Teshupist priest, not expecting the throne, but he nonetheless proved to be quite an adept leader when forced to the task. He is credited more than any other for making Teshupism mainstream in Egypt. To appease the still-powerful cults, he integrated them into the religion to create what is known as 'State Egyptian Teshupism', or the official Egyptian interpretation of the religion. While the cults and the existence of their gods is not questioned, Teshup reigns supreme over all others.
Teshupet II (1119-1104) succeeded his father when the man passed away from old age. He renewed the old policy of military buildup, and generally maintained the status quo.
Teshupet III (1104-Present) is a rather rash and headstrong leader, who attracted the negative attention of Kush. His reign is still too young to determine just what he may be remembered for.
