It is an interesting question, and any succinct answer is naturally going to be incomplete. You could build a university degree program around trying to answer the question comprehensively. If I could offer just a couple parts of the answer, I would say that a lot of entertainment media can be aspirational and inspirational. It also gives us a window into other people's lives that we wouldn't otherwise have access to, or that we wouldn't want to experience first-hand, even if we could. Roger Ebert called movies an "empathy machine."
Well, let's at least make a start on this university degree program in the complexities of "representation."
I'd run a discussion-style class here at CFCU. "Ok, students, draw your desks into a circle.
Here are our guiding questions for the day:
In what sense should a superhero "represent" the society in which the comic representing him/her is produced/consumed?
As a mirror reflects? Marvel has said they're trying better to reflect the diversity of American society.
But how can
a superhero, who has to be one race or another, one gender or another, reflect such diversity?
So is it only the whole slate of superheroes who can "represent" American society in this way?
With that definition of
represent, should the slate of superheroes pretty accurately reduplicate the population? I.e. 77% white, 50.8% women?
But what if one hero is
named America, then what? Are the pressures to properly "represent" even higher in such a case? But still, he's just one guy. Should he be multi-racial? Or are multi-racial people an even smaller minority than people of either of the two races that make up a particular multi-racial identity?
Or does a superhero represent the way a congressperson represents: i.e. stand in for, regardless of the identity of the person doing the representing and the people being represented?
Does a Hispanic youngster need a Hispanic superhero, in order to identify with that superhero? (If "no," then this followup: But if there are none at all in the the line's "universe" how would he or she feel about that?) If Captain America is black, but a black kid thinks Iron Man is a cooler hero, is he at liberty identify more with Tony Stark than Sam Wilson? What will it mean if he does?
Do non-Irish white-guys identify with Steve Rogers more than black guys do? If so, why is skin color a bigger block to identification than nationality-of-ancestors? If not, do we need a range of white guys to reflect the various white-skinned national identities that make up America's diversity?
If the genre calls on you to imaginatively identify with a guy who, when angry turns into a green-skinned giant, is it somehow harder to identify with the white-skinned guy he starts out as? If so, why?
Discuss."
(We should at least be taking up some of the more interesting questions these moves by Marvel raise, rather than just Anita Sarkeesian: good or bad?)