Count Reckenfeld sentenced in Munster
Munster, The Dominion of Munster
With the political winds changing, Prince-Bishop Ruprecht moved with haste to have Count Reckenfeld tried before the German Reform Bill passed. The people of Munster had other ideas though, and took to the streets to block the soldiers moving the Count from prison to the palace courts. Similar efforts to frustrate the hanging of student rioters had been met with sabres drawn. But the soldiers, seeing the anger of the crowd, retreated back to the stout walls of the prison and refused all of the Prince-Bishop’s entreaties.
Prince-Bishop Ruprecht called on the 3rd Battalion of the Scottish Highlanders under Lt. Colonel David MacTavish to arrest the officers in charge of the troops in the prison, escort Count Reckenfeld to his palace and disperse the revolutionaries. MacTavish, a bold man dressed in mufti, reconnoitered the situation, decided the crowd was murderous and declined the Prince-Bishop’s request. The standoff ended when Lord Arundel, a favourite of the King, appeared and speaking to the crowd in German promised that he would see to a fair trial of Count Reckenfeld on his honour.
With a representative of the King watching, the Prince Bishop was no longer able to rubber stamp the proceedings. The trial which was meant to last no more than a few hours took weeks as Count Reckenfeld began to mount a spirited defence. Ruprecht, with his reputation being torn to shreds, made a desperate bid to save face by sentencing Count Reckenfeld to three months of house arrest. The Count accepted and the affair was closed.
Tags: DMN
German Reform Bill passes
London, The Dominions
The Greene government soon found itself on the ropes over the German Question. Opposition to reform within Greene’s government had diminished when fuller accounts of the mass protests in the Princedoms were published; Reckenfeld and Light became cause celebres for the reform minded and Clemens was soon seen as a blackguard.
But support for reform was not the same as supporting Greene’s reforms, which called for the creation of councils of indeterminate powers and kept mum on suffrage. The reason for this was simple enough to understand; the issue was complicated, and Greene, with a free hand, would be all the better placed to navigate the issue. Both the pro and anti-side read the worst into this for much the same reason: Greene had flip-flopped and that was that.
Greene had only just managed with some care to smooth over the waters when Mister Albert Van Ruyter, the Flemish Estates General’s representative to Westminster, attacked. The Estates General, he said, supports the reforms but opposed Greene’s efforts to use the issue as an excuse to strengthen Westminster over the other Dominions, citing as evidence the interference with the Scots, Irish and Princedoms. This, Van Ruyter, said was unacceptable to the Estates General.
The Flemish intervention saw a wholesale flight from Greene’s camp. The Flemish interest was strong, and their purses fat. Greene staggered on with a minority government in the house (the opposition being too divided to bring down the government). Rather than resign, Greene decided to fight one last battle and pass the German Reform Bill. Waiting till the last day of sittings, when many members had already left for home, Greene pushed through a compromise bill and resigned.
The German Reform Bill had no end of problems. The Princes were obliged to appoint advisory councils, but the Act had nothing to say about how they should be appointed or the powers they should have. It extended the right to trial by jury but declined to say who would be able to sit. It stripped the Princes of their feudal rights to justice, but ignored the fact that an absolute majority of cases had been presided over by judges and not Princes.
The apparent weakness of the Act might have been made to work had Greene not fallen. The new caretaker government of Lord Clark which inherited the Act was lukewarm about it. Clark needed pro-reform votes to shore up his weak government so he encouraged the Princes to obey the Act, but he had little inclination to push and consequently left interpretation to the Princes themselves.
Tags: DMN
Col. Light acquitted, runs for Parliament
The acquittal of Colonel Light took about an hour with three quarters of that involving an exchange of pleasantries and the reading of the charges. Five minutes was all it took for the officers to deliberate and vote to acquit. The other ten minutes saw the judge mock Prince Clemens for wasting his time. Colonel Light, now with a national profile, accepted an offer by the Duke of Norfolk to sit in Parliament as the honorable Lord Light, where he has become a harsh antagonist of the anti-reform Princes.
Tags: DMN
German Reform Act sees push-back in German Princedoms
Hanover, The Dominions
The new Clark government inherited a German Reform Act it was lukewarm about. However two factors conspired to save the Act. The first was the withdrawal of Dutch opposition following the fall of Greene. The second was that the unpopular Clark needed pro-reform votes. Clark for his own part did not want to rock the boat, and was convinced that if the Act was just shelved it would resolve itself.
The German people had other ideas. The crown’s support for Count Reckenfeld and the acquittal of Colonel Light and his elevation to Parliament were interpreted in the Princedoms as a license to force the Prince’s to accept the reforms. The first domino to fall was Munster. Prince-Bishop Ruprecht with few friends left was forced to flee when the crowd took to the streets. Count Reckenfeld soon found himself one more named Prime Minister of Munster. Rather than depose the Prince-Bishop, Count Reckenfeld invited the Prince-Bishop back on condition he agree to negotiate with the interim government on how to implement the German Reform Bill. With little choice and no support from the military, the Prince-Bishop was forced to accept the terms.
The flight of the Prince-Bishop was not repeated elsewhere in the Princedoms, but it did set the tone for those Princes vulnerable after the aborted revolution. Most of these, about a fifth of all the Princes, agreed to negotiate with hastily formed interim governments. The demands varied, but most followed Munster’s lead in demanding the creation of an elected council with the power to advise. The reformers in Oldenburg managed to give the council power to veto budgets but that was considered extreme. Perhaps the same number of Princes, mostly those sympathetic to the crowd, decided to pass reforms themselves and also followed Munsters lead.
Prince Clemens seemed vulnerable, as the Dominion Army had no love for the man, but Clemens had killed or exiled most of his opposition and he had made concerted efforts to build up a repressive apparatus to keep his subjects in line. When the crowds took to the streets in an attempt to depose them, Clemens, drawing on own troops, dispersed the crowd with force killing perhaps a hundred. The violence and mass arrests that followed saw thousands flee Hamburg while the Clark Government remained quiet.
Perhaps half of the Princes took the hint and put the crowds down, often with the support of their neighbours. Clemens in particular proved helpful to those around him. The Princes who opposed reform soon formed the Deutsche Fürstenbund to present a united front. The reform-orientated Princedoms formed their own group in response to the Deutscher Bund.
The two groups were soon at each other's throats. The Fürstenbunders demands for the muzzling of the free press and the forced repatriation of their subjects from princedoms in the Deutscher Bund being the two main points of contention. Violence is yet to break out but there is no guarantee but that is not guaranteed to last. Feelings are running high and some of those pressed into reform have sought to defect to the Fürstenbunders side.
Portuguese prisoners return from China, Brazanga rises
Lisbon, Hispania
The return of the Hispanian merchants and sailors imprisoned in the Song Empire have occasioned celebrations in Portugal. Duke Luis Brazanga, who led the peace camp, has seen his star rise in the Imperial estimation and it is said that Empress Leanor regards Brazanga as a confident; reportedly the Empress has looked into bringing him into Imperial service. But Brazanga’s support at home is at low ebb, with the still dismissed Cortes furious at Brazanga’s growing imperial ties and the fact that he has still not called the Cortes back to session.
Count Vidigueria has seen his domestic star rise as Brazanga’s fall with supporters, new and old, rallying to his demands for a public accounting of the still secret terms under which the prisoners were released and for a recall of the Cortes. Vidigueria has also found fertile ground in attacking the imperial government for doing nothing to secure the rights of Hispanian merchants to trade in Japan.
Complicating matters in Portugal are whispers of an imperial coup. Brazanga’s refusal to recall the Cortes and the Imperial army’s parading itself in Lisbon have given cause for alarm. In Catalonia, the Cortes ejected most of the imperial garrison from Barcelona citing a law which limited the number of imperial troops permitted in the city.
In Portugal, Vidigueria has managed to have the São João, capital ship of the Atlantic fleet, stationed in full view of the royal palace, Portuguese ensign flying. What good that might have come from the resolution of the prisoner issue has been undone in the face of this latest issue. The gutter press have also stepped up their attacks on the Empress.
Tags: HSP
Talks of marriage for Hispania’s Crown Prince
Lisbon, Hispania
Speculating on the future bride of Crown Prince Manuel has been called the greatest race to never have involved horses. While traditionally a means of binding the kingdoms together, the power Empress Leanor has wielded in recent years has made Manuel’s betrothal nothing short of a headache for those involved.
At the beginning of the year, the favourite was the Catalonian Donna Maria Luisa close kinswoman to the Empress Luisa. However, the case for a Catalan bride has stumbled because the notion of having another Catalonian near the throne is toxic for the other kingdoms. The Catalonians also have little leverage now as the risk of war with the Song has declined.
Empress Luisa, left frustrated, soon turned her eyes to Donna Isabella de Brazanga the daughter of Luis Brazanga. While not as good a match Maria Luisa, the Empress does trust Brazanga and the marriage might have helped patch up the Crown’s problems in Portugal. But Brazanga’s lack of popularity at home has undermined that.
A second Portuguese candidate, Donna Luisa, has been put forward by her father, Diego, the fabulously wealthy Duke of Algarve. Diego, a partisan of Vidigueria, would be able to restore trust in Portugal and the dowry that Luisa is sure to bring would help the Crown’s finances to no end. Diego's support however would have to be bought with support for Portugal's position in Cuba and the end of the crown’s relationship with Brazanga.
Meanwhile, Dona Juana, Duchess of Sevilla, has had Luis Oteza and Rodrigo Blasco paint her. The paintings said to show her ‘maid’ in various states of undress have excited controversy although the effect is said to be nothing short of stunning. The famous poet, Rowan Cato’s poem in her honour is no less scandalous but Donna Juana is wealthy and has the support of the Castile. To sweeten the deal the Castilians have already voted Donna Juana a sizeable Brazilian dowry. The Castilians for their part just want their views on Brazil heard, ideally by the future Castilian Empress.
Tags: HSP
The Dominion King sues Hispanian Emperor for using Cross of Burgundy
Lisbon, Hispania
The Dominion King has retained M. Sebastiaan Kluwen for his lawsuit against the House of Avis, the current holders of the Hispanian throne, for using the Cross of Burgundy. The Heraldic Court, where the matter is being heard, has not sat for two hundred years. The sixteen year old Duke of Guimaraes had feudal right to sit. As did the second judge the twenty-five year old newly widowed, Countess of Viseu. The third judge was supposed to be selected from the Portuguese Cortes but as the Cortes is not sitting, no judge was able to be nominated. Just being able to find the first two judges, let alone the legislation that empowers the court took most of the year. The first decision by the judges about the precise power of the court is expected sometime new year. The appointment of the third judge so that the trial can even begin cannot be initiated until the Portuguese Cortes is restored.
Tags: HSP DMN
Downturn in Lyons
Lyons, France
Louis-Henri, Prince Montpensier, and Philippe, Cardinal of Toulouse, the two most powerful men in the south, had come to Paris to secure a ban on the import of Egyptian cloth into Northern port. The two men were to be sorely disappointed by the Paris Parlement which voted against the measure and by a King-Emperor who decided to stay silent in face of the southerners pleading.
The loss of Lyon’s northern markets has forced the Clothmakers guild to slash wages and jobs. In a region suffering from a poor harvest this has not gone down well. Church funds for the indigent have held out so far and private collections have been well subscribed but the scale of the disaster is such that the burghers have already begun to flee ahead of violence. The gutter press has taken to the perfidious northerners and lionising Louis-Henri.
Having been humiliated in Paris, Louis-Henri and Philippe decided to get even with Paris. Lyons, Toulouse and Marseilles have all begun to enforce the law to its fullest against northern merchants - taxes, duties and laws which had hitherto been forgotten have been dug up and restored to use. This has proven extremely popular across the south with the mob in Lyons taking a certain amount of glee in forcing all visitors to submit to having their accent checked.
Tags: HRE
Roman Army of Italy removes disobedient and underperforming officers
Venice, Roman Empire
General Iohannes Halkias, under the recommendation of Prince Ludwig of Hanover, has removed several officers. Five officers who had sold weapons intended for their unit were removed and imprisoned; a further six were removed from refusing to have their men practice the new drill regulations; while twelve were removed for incompetence having failed in field exercises outside of Treviso.
Their replacements drawn from the first class of the new military academy have proven much more able following maneuvers at Gemona. The Daily Courant reported Prince Ludwig as saying “The Emperor at the head of this army could enter the Eternal City with this army and march through Paris itself should all his armies fight like this”. To this, Ernest Augustus of Hanover is said to have remarked that “Our brother is no more able to watch his tongue than when he left”.
Legate Nicolae Lupu having seen the maneuvers in Gemona is a convert and has praised General Helkias and Prince Ludwig in the council although he has made no move to implement reforms in his own army. General Andrei Ursu, on the other hand, has recruited Prince Albert of Hanover, Ludwig’s younger brother, to reform the Army of Carpathia. However, not all attention has been positive. The officers removed by General Helkias have been lionised in anti-reform circles while efforts to free the five still imprisoned have attracted widespread support in the army.
Tags: RME, DMN
Bavarian King fallen ill
Munich, Bavaria
Old King Ludwig, much beloved ruler of Bavaria, has long been sick suffering from fever, insomnia and dizziness. However, as time has gone one, his condition has deteriorated to the point where the King has begun to refuse all but his Ministers. In a last ditch attempt to restore his health King Ludwig has travelled to Bad Abbach to take the waters. However, most do not think that King will see out the year.
His legal successor is the childless Prince Albert. Albert, to the shock of those around him, appears to have inherited his father’s condition. The rapid onset of the condition, in marked contrast to his father's long slow demise, has caused alarm all over Europe who see in it the seeds of future disaster. With Albert’s death now expected, the court has begun to search around for a candidate to replace Albert. Some have even suggested that Albert should be skipped over to maintain stability, although this remains a fringe view.
The strongest candidate is Albert’s maternal cousin, Ernest who is healthy, fertile and of good character. But Ernest has two factors against him: Salic law which bars inheritance on the female side and his marriage to Princess Alice of Hesse. Princess Alice is not subtle about her politicking on behalf of her homeland or quiet about her hatred of Catholics, Bavaria or Bavarians.
King Francis of Austria is another cousin on the maternal side. Francis’ bid for the throne has been hindered because of his rule of Austria and Salic law. The Bavarians have expressed time and time again that they are not keen on being ruled from Vienna. His brother Rudolf is the more popular candidate but his campaign has struggled because Francis has declined to support him. Albert is close to Rudolf and is said to have remarked that would prefer Rudolf to be his heir should he die on the throne. Rudolf opposes skipping over Albert.
Under Bavarian law, as it stands, the legitimate successor of Albert is Louis-Henri, Prince Montpensier. Louis-Henri’s claim is through his grandfather who was the brother of King Ludwig’s father. The Bavarians have not rushed to embrace Louis-Henri fearing that he would bring them under French domination. Louis-Henri has been distracted with other business, but the Prince is deep pocketed and well connected; with his affairs in France coming to order, he is said to be keen to advance his cause.
Tags: DMN, HRE
Polish King, Magnates at loggerheads
Krakow, Poland
The successful coup of the Polish magnates has not been without its detractors but few expected the King Władysław to involve himself. The King declared himself the protector of the Sejm and as a first act towards this demanded that the Sejm meet in the royal capital Krakow and only there. The magnates refused and convened their session at Bydgoszcz. The King gained some support among the minor nobility and began efforts to reach out to the regions.
Hoping to isolate further still the magnates, King Władysław went on the attack in Lithuania. He rejected the Lithuanian demands for their own Sejm but did guarantee them funds and ministries in his government if they would come to Krakow. Duke Augustinas of Kaunas and his faction agreed on the condition that the King give full consideration to all of the Lithuanian demands, especially increased representation in the Sejm. Duke Jaunutis of Samogitia and his supporters declined the King’s request and insisted that the King agree to the terms set out in the tennis court oath. Thus the King gained the support of perhaps a third of Lithuania.
The Lithuanians might have rolled over, at least in part, but the Bohemians were in a far stronger position and rejected the King’s threats of dire repercussions. The Bohemians ceased negotiations with the King, needing only to look at how the magnates were ignoring the King to know who really ran things in Poland. The magnates for their part were keen to talk but preferred not to commit themselves. The violence against Polish priests (see below) has complicated matters.
The Sejm session when it opened in Bydgoszcz, was a small affair. The King declined to attend and the session was opened by the refugee Archbishop of Prague. The Lithuanians and Bohemians were also absent. The magnates, with no effective opposition, control of the levers of government, and with royal authority at low ebb, took stock of their situation and voted themselves a tax cut and then suspended business.
The minor nobles might have lost hope in the King, but they have not reconciled themselves to magnate rule. All across Poland fights have begun to break out between those who support the magnates and those who do not. Almost a hundred newspapers have sprung up attacking the magnates. The magnates for their part have cracked down on the press and have restricted the sale of presses, ink and paper. The army has managed to maintain a semblance of order but even that is starting to break down because of a rumoured magnate-led purge in the works. By contrast, the militia which is comprised almost wholly of the minor nobility was not called up this year for fear it might rebel.
Tags: PLD
Bohemian Catholics revolt against Polish priests
Prague, Polish Bohemia
The clergy in Bohemia were, by and large, Polish. This state of affairs was a legacy of a time when the crown was much stronger and had survived mostly out of indifference. The collapse in royal prestige and the perception that the Polish priests were agents of the crown strained the relationship between clergy and faithful to breaking point. The main cause of the troubles was the refusal of the Archbishop of Prague to consecrate Bohemians as priests.
The actual violence began when a popular (Bohemian) deacon was struck by a (Polish) priest for speaking against the policy. The attack was seen and a crowd formed. In an attempt to defuse the situation, a (Polish) priest tried to address the crowd (in Polish). The crowd now enraged attacked what priests it could find and burned the clergy house. Similar violence was soon repeated all over Bohemia.
Into this combustible situation Cardinal Lipski arrived. Lipski knowing that the Church was the last reliable bastion of royal power in Bohemia worked to shore up its position. Lipski visited the hardline Archbishop of Prague and managed to convince him to consecrate some Bohemians as a gesture of goodwill. This halted the violence and saved what remained of Polish influence in the Church, but perhaps a third of all the churches in Bohemia are now being run by Bohemian deacons and friars.
Lipski began to court the Bohemian magnates attempting to discern where their political and religious loyalties lay. This revealed that the crown had precious few allies while the church had rather a lot. The Cardinal found that most Bohemian magnates desired only to have their own clergy and that for most this was not negotiable. As to the political, the Bohemians desired increased representation in Sejm and equal treatment and would fall back into line the moment those were granted.
Tags: PLD
Bandits sack Janiszki, refugees descend upon Szawle
Szawle, Polish Lithuania
Bandits have long been a problem on the Polish frontiers. But the collapse of central authority and the split in the Lithuanian camp has allowed the bandit king know as Vilkas to become a serious threat to northern Lithuania. After forcing the bandits in the area under his rule, Vilkas has begun to strike against noble estates and towns.
The first town to be attacked was Janiszki. A small market town with perhaps a thousand men the militia was overwhelmed, the town sacked and its inhabitants forced to flee. The larger walled town of Szawle has stood firm for the moment, but Count Giedraitis, the lord of Szawle, is short of supplies and in desperate need of support.
Tags: PLD
Radmonovich slips through the cracks yet again!
Tver, Russia
The Swedish Government alarmed at the success of Ilya “The Bear” Radmonovich has greatly strengthened its forces in Swedish Russia and supplied Prince Mikhail of Tver and Prince Yakov of Yaroslav with arms in a bid to have the fight taken to Radmonovich. The measures appear to have worked; Radmonovich has spent most of the year campaigning against Prince Mikhail whose augmented forces have proved a hard nut for The Bear to crack, and he was forced to retreat when their forces clashed. Governor-General Olofsson has been pleased with the results, and has looked for other princes that might be willing to confront Radmonovich on the Bear’s ground.
Tags: SWD
Swedish companies and universities make minor minority commitments
Copenhagen, Kingdom of Sweden
A number of large Swedish businesses have hired Danes and Norwegians for the first time under pressure from Queen Caja. Similar pressure on the universities and the promise of new funding has seen non-Swedish students admitted in limited numbers to law and medical faculties. The measure has been unpopular in Sweden with the students being widely derided as illiterates.
The Norwegians and Danes have also been skeptical. The underground newspaper Dagbladet Information ran an editorial which quipped that the "The Egyptian Foreign Legion has in a single year has done more for Danish and Norwegian career prospects than the Swedish crown ever has.
Tags: SWD
Egyptian troops battle Sicilian brigands
Syracuse, Egyptian Sicily
Friar Maniscalco hesitated to march on Palermu and this cost him his life. The governor, Lord Salesio Balsamo, used the time to organise a force drawn from the nobility, the better sort among the townsman and students from the University of Palermu. When the Friar finally did march he found the walls defended and made a desultory attempt to breach them. Forced back the Friar contented himself with a siege.
That lasted until Easter when the 3rd Corpo d’Armata and with its arrival the friar’s hope of ushering in the Kingdom of Heaven ended. The troops, under command of General Angelo Gonzaga, caught up to the fleeing Friar at Rocca Rossa and in a short engagement put the Friar’s army to rout and the Friar to his grave.
Following the clash at Rocca Rossa, a few took the Empress’ amnesty but news of retribution by the nobility against those who had soon got back to the bandits put an end to that. With little choice left, most remained as bandits. However, with the Sicanians now picked clean, a significant number began to move east into the Madonie, which was soon also in rebellion. The plains of Catania also erupted. But neither of these had a figure like the Friar to coordinate the violence, which meant that the nobles have been able to hold their own.
For his part, General Gonzaga has won praise for his cold efficiency in restoring government control of the major towns in the Sicilians. The bandits have taken however to hiding in the hills and attacking patrols and supply trains. Gonzaga has reacted with violence and has used new imperial laws to deport dissidents to hard labour in Egypt. Governor Balsamo, leading troops on the plains of Catania, has assured the government that the matter is now in good hands and that order will soon be restored.
Tags: EGT
Egyptian Princess makes appearance in Naples; Neapolitan dresses make appearances in Egypt
Naples, Egypt
The city of Naples has been graced by the visit of Princess Isabella, the first imperial visit in twenty years. Governor-General Nitti has pulled out all stops to welcome the princess to Naples. The Princess has attended a number of balls in Neapolitan made dresses which is a marked departure from her usual French or Song made gowns. The move has been watched with interest and emulated across the Empire.
As to the weavers, the slight increase in work has done little to arrest the slump. With almost half the weavers out of work and with the other half on reduced hours, Naples has become violent and unsettled. The soldiers and militia now refuse to patrol the poorer quarters out of fear of violence. The smaller weaving centres of Bari and Taranto are now also experiencing their own problems. Governor-General Nitti has once again pleaded for relief.
Tags: EGT