SpaceX is reporting a 50% reduction in the brightness of their communications satellites. They are experimenting with different coatings to reduce the glare from the satellites that can disrupt astronomical observations. The astronomers need a 10-20 fold decrease though, so 50% is good but not good enough.
The astronomers need to put together a database of all the professional and semi-professional observatories on Earth. This can be tied into an algorithm that causes the satellites to tilt their arrays away from the sun while passing over these zones. That would likely get them the rest of the reduction they need and they can likely survive the power hit just fine though there may be some problematic areas where they have to sun-seek regardless. They can work out an algorithm to stagger sun-seeking over those areas problem areas to help minimize the disruptions too.
This won't be easy but it's probably easier than further hardware revisions.
There is no point in such database. There are observatories all over the place and you might as well designate all land areas as possible spots for observatories.
SpaceX should really put more time into more hardware revisions. If they recklessly pollute the night sky without consent of the countries they fly over, some will soon raise the question, whether they should be allowed to do that. And if a sufficient amount of people start answering 'No', the days of launching satellites without asking 50 countries for permission might be over. This could endanger the entire current space industry.