Apollo 13 commander and NASA astronaut Jim Lovell dead at 97
Flew on four space flights during career
James (Jim) Lovell, the commander of Apollo 13 who helped turn a failed moon mission into a triumph of on-the-fly can-do engineering, has died. He was 97.
Lovell died on Thursday in Lake Forest, Ill., NASA
said in a statement on Friday.
"Jim's character and steadfast courage helped our nation reach the moon and turned a potential tragedy into a success from which we learned an enormous amount," the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration said. "We mourn his passing even as we celebrate his achievements."
One of NASA's most travelled astronauts in the agency's first decade, Lovell flew four times — Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8 and Apollo 13 — with the two Apollo flights riveting the folks back on Earth.
In 1968, the Apollo 8 crew of Lovell, Frank Borman and William Anders was the first to leave Earth's orbit and the first to fly to and circle the moon. They could not land, but they put the United States ahead of the Soviets in the space race. Letter writers told the crew that their stunning pale blue dot photo of Earth from the moon, a world first, and the crew's Christmas Eve reading from Genesis saved the U.S. from a tumultuous 1968.
But the big rescue mission was still to come. That was during the harrowing Apollo 13 flight in April 1970. Lovell was supposed to be the fifth man to walk on the moon. But Apollo 13's service module, carrying Lovell and two others, experienced a sudden oxygen tank explosion on its way to the moon. The astronauts barely survived, spending four cold and clammy days in the cramped lunar module as a lifeboat.
''The thing that I want most people to remember is in some sense, it was very much of a success,'' Lovell said during a 1994 interview. ''Not that we accomplished anything, but a success in that we demonstrated the capability of [NASA] personnel.''
'I don't worry about crises any longer'
A retired U.S. navy captain known for his calm demeanour, Lovell told a NASA historian that his brush with death did affect him.
"I don't worry about crises any longer," he said in 1999. Whenever he has a problem, "I say, 'I could have been gone back in 1970. I'm still here. I'm still breathing.' So, I don't worry about crises."
And the mission's retelling in the popular 1995 movie
Apollo 13 brought Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert renewed fame — thanks in part to Lovell's movie persona, played by Tom Hanks, reporting "Houston, we have a problem," a phrase he didn't exactly utter.
That mission may be as important as the historic Apollo 11 moon landing, a flight made possible by Apollo 8, Launius said.
"I think in the history of space flight, I would say that Jim was one of the pillars of the early space flight program," Gene Kranz, NASA's legendary flight director, once said.
'Deep, deep trouble'
But if historians consider Apollo 8 and Apollo 11 the most significant of the Apollo missions, it was during Lovell's last mission — immortalized by the popular film
Apollo 13 starring Tom Hanks as Lovell — that he came to embody for the public the image of the cool, decisive astronaut.
The Apollo 13 crew of Lovell, Haise and Swigert was on the way to the moon in April 1970, when an oxygen tank from the spaceship exploded
That, Lovell recalled, was "the most frightening moment in this whole thing." Then oxygen began escaping and "we didn't have solutions to get home."
"We knew we were in deep, deep trouble," he told NASA's historian.
Four-fifths of the way to the moon, NASA scrapped the mission. Suddenly, their only goal was to survive.
Lovell's "Houston, we've had a problem," a variation of a comment Swigert had radioed moments before, became famous. In Hanks's version, it became: "Houston, we have a problem."
What unfolded over the next four days captured the imagination of the nation and the world, which until then had largely been indifferent about what seemed a routine mission.
With Lovell commanding the spacecraft, Kranz led hundreds of flight controllers and engineers in a furious rescue plan.
The plan involved the astronauts moving from the service module, which was hemorrhaging oxygen, into the cramped, dark and frigid lunar lander while they rationed their dwindling oxygen, water and electricity. Using the lunar module as a lifeboat, they swung around the moon, aimed for Earth and raced home.
By coolly solving the problems under the most intense pressure imaginable, the astronauts and the crew on the ground became heroes. In the process of turning what seemed routine into a life-and-death struggle, the entire flight team had created one of NASA's finest moments that ranks with Neil Armstrong's and Buzz Aldrin's walks on the moon nine months earlier.
Later ran a restaurant
Lovell was born March 25, 1928, in Cleveland. He attended the University of Wisconsin before transferring to the U.S. Naval Academy, in Annapolis, Md. On the day he graduated in 1952, he and his wife, Marilyn, were married.
A test pilot at the Navy Test Center in Patuxent River, Md., Lovell was selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1962. He was the last of that second group of astronauts — called "the Next Nine" — alive and thus had been an astronaut longer than any other person alive.
Lovell retired from the Navy and from the space program in 1973, and went into private business. In 1994, he and Jeff Kluger wrote
Lost Moon, the story of the Apollo 13 mission and the basis for the film
Apollo 13. In one of the final scenes, Lovell appeared as a navy captain, the rank he actually had.
He and his family ran a now-closed restaurant, Lovell's of Lake Forest, in suburban Chicago.
His wife, Marilyn, died in 2023. Survivors include four children.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nasa-astronaut-jim-lovell-apollo-13-obituary-1.7604661
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