So you could have a score of archery units shooting at phalanx...
That's essentially a scene in 300, is it not? Part of the point of heavy infantry is to soak up the pins and needles. That's where ranged cavalry come in, to run behind and turn Greeks into porcupines (vis-a-vis Parthia).
Ranged Infantry: Does anyone remember the skirmishers from Age of Empires 2? Well, I think the ranged infantry are essentially similar in thought, or perhaps I'm thinking of the recon units.
Polearms: I have never liked it when games have polearm units; they either make mounted units useless, or are themselves useless due to overspecialization. Mounted units are antipersonnel; having an anti-antipersonnel
class is begging for difficulty. Nonetheless, I do like your approach, specifically reducing withdrawal chances.
Another way that could allow Polearms to be less pigeonholed while retaining distinction is to make them
less effective against units with a Fortification bonus and/or Terrain Defense bonuses. Then, the spears can run down the horses and as well as generic defense.
Rogues: Probe teams! Great to see a distinction between Assassin-type and Ranger-type now.
I'll touch on Navals later, I expect