Are there any documents that discuss this. I'll look through the threads to get an idea.
Nope, just from experience. Each Vox Populi civilization supposedly has a very unique concept that allows them to diversify themselves from the rest of civilizations. It can be derived from the UB or UUs, but primarily the UA handles this. I'll document all of my civilizations from this basic summary.
Vietnam is known as a Cultural Defender and so she will be played as one. Her UA is arguably one of the most potent UA in the game granting you +60% Culture and +60% Food(not growth) allowing Vietnam to snowball hard from the three ancient policies. Although arguably, the weakest it goes is +20% Culture and +20% Food. Because it is known as a cultural defender, she is able to reacquire her lost territories easily due to the fact that unhappiness will always spawn for her conquerors making it much difficult to maintain a strong foreign presence in Vietnamese territories. (AIs could handle this pretty well, although I can't say for humans). Her UB allows them to maintain very powerful city defenses as their great works slots are filled(Hanoi is thus one of the most greatest fortified city in the game provided they have the most slots in all of Vietnam) while proving valuable in guild-cities. Her UU is also the anti-Iroquois for they receive a huge amount of combat bonus and double movements when running through rough features, making them truly valuable in territories not yet "developed"
Nubia is known as the Wonder Conqueror and Landmark Creator in Vox Populi, his UA allows them to boast +10% Production as so there is a garrison allowing them to jumpstart very successful with a strong production bias. When she conquers a city with a wonder, a Great Artist is spawned and is immediately expended for a Golden Age. (Thus any bonuses involve spawning or expending any Great People will grant the bonuses for this section of the UA as well). Overall, they gain a huge amount of warmongering presence due to their UU being able to siege early cities effectively compared to the ancient archer. Afterwarrds provided they have a large land, they are able to snowball effectively in tourism and forever as their UI scales upon era. The older the pyramid, the better the yields. Although any Royal Pyramids built before any player discovering Archaeology may also have a potential to be a landmarks, so Nubia are also guaranteed landmarks provided they have a large amount of royal pyramids which essentially boast powerful faith and culture yields.
For the Confederate State of America, their armies are very versatile allowing them to field warriors that may as well be gods to the battlefield. Their unique unit serves true to this as they will perform a ranged strike before melee attacking allowing them to fully finish off any enemy that dares survive her attack. Their improvement is a chateau/kasbah hybrid as being built next to a city grants bonus yields, while being built next to a plantation provides a hefty amount of good yields.
And so on and so on. I've often taken consideration into what the AI knows and think in its logic so that the UA, UB, and UU fully energizes with them.. although my earlier works would say otherwise.