AfterShafter
Deity
The fact is Aftershafter I play exclusively marathon games were each epoch truly counts and you can make a diference, as an empire, in just one period of the game (tech tree). This is a limitation to my so called claim.
Of course Egypt ,specially Hatshepshut for her culture expansion grabing resources advantage, and Cyrus are excelent for early rushes as well, but they are still horse dependant for this matter ;you can get it much later than you wish or not at all.
With Huayna, Pacal II or Sitting Bull their advantage is guaranteed, for the latters you may even get BW in a tribal village (worth 40-50 turns of early research in marathon) without the dangerous need to have copper nearby nor a worker to conect the metal. I once got bw with Pacal while researching hunting. By the year 2000 BC I had already subdued 4 civilizations, including the obliteration of Summer (protective) and Persia (who never got to grab those horses within a second city spot.. as if). This was a huge continent with around ten civs which I ultimately dominated by the middle ages. Emperor level, no bragging intended, seriously.
Moreover, with Pacal your Mayan empire becomes almost immune to chariot, imm, war-chariot rushes. And well, you can already imagine what is it that Sitting Bull doesn't need to fear from.
Needless to mention, I'm leaving out of the topic their traits and UBs here, perhaps you care to discuss After..
If I had to choose I'll keep the good and old Pacal II anytime, but the other two are close enough.
Well, I play exclusively huge, marathon, emperor, big and small, 14 civs, and Pacal is one of my very favorite guys (he's on my flip list and play him often)... And my experience doesn't match up to your "I often subdue 4 civs with him."
On huge maps (and this is my condition I impose on my statements) the distance involved in great enough that it is *incredibly* rare for me to be able to get even a second civilization with a Holkan rush, let alone the four you're talking about. I find their greatest use is the "forest hill stasis" on enemy civs, finding other civs very early and camping a few warriors, and then Holkans on hills right beside their capitals, effectively freezing them at one city until you can come back and wipe them out later.
But, in my experience, wiping out two civs, let alone four, on huge, big and small, marathon, emperor level games, is *very* difficult. It's obvious we're playing on different settings though, but for the settings I play, even Pacal who I am very fond of, is simply not the ultimate power player you're painting him to be. He's a spectacular Civ, but his special unit just doesn't measure up to the two war chariot specials.