Judaism, for many reasons, but the most basic one, and probably the easiest one for atheists and agnostics to accept, is that Judaism teaches a way to live your life here and now, not a way to attain some distant reward. While both Judaism and Christianity acknowledge that the most basic law is to "Love your neighbour as yourself and to love G-d with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might" they approach it in two different paths. Judaism teaches that in order to love G-d, one must love their neighbor, while Christianity teaches that first one must love G-d (baptism, rebirth) then one can love their neighbor. Similarly, whereas Christianity emphasises right belief on the path to salvation, Judaism emphasises right action for the sake of right action.
Within Judaism I am a member of the Conservative branch, which was a reaction to the extremism of early Reform Judaism. Basically, Conservativism acknowledges the necessity to grow and change allong with the world and the doctrine of the Living Torah (like Reformism), but also acknowledges the vast importance of tradition and the unity of the Jewish faith with the Jewish culture and heritage (like Orthodoxy).