The "million man army" of Gaugamela is perhaps an exaggeration. Not as much of one as Delbrück would have you believe, probably, but still an exaggeration.
Yes I would agree, but I remember the first time I read about this battle. It said Darius III had 250,000. Lately I have been hearing even fewer numbers. Here is some insight
Size of Persian army
[edit] Modern estimates
Units Numbers Numbers
Peltasts 10,000[3] 30,000[6]
Cavalry 12,000[3] 40,000[4]
Persian Immortals 10,000[7] 10,000
Greek hoplites 8,000[3] 10,000[5]
Bactrian Cavalry 1,000[5] 2,000
Archers 1,500 1,500
Scythed chariots 200 200
War elephants 15 15
Total 52,930[3] 93,930[2]
Some modern scholars[who?]suggest that Darius III's army was no larger than 50,000 due to the logistics of fielding more than 50,000 soldiers in battle being extremely difficult at the time. However, it is possible that the Persian army could have numbered over 100,000 men.[2] One estimate is that there were 25,000 peltasts,[2] 10,000 Immortals,[7] 2,000 Greek hoplites,[5] 1,000 Bactrians,[5] and 40,000 cavalry,[4] 200 scythed chariots,[8] and 15 war elephants.[9] Hans Delbruck however estimates the number of Persian Cavalry at 12,000 due to management issues and Persian infantry (peltast) less than that of the Macedonian heavy infantry and the Greek Mercenary at 8,000. [3]
Warry estimates a total size of 91,000. Welman estimates a total size of 90,000. Delbrück (1978) estimates a total size of 52,000. Engels (1920) and Green (1990) also estimate the total size of Darius' army to be no larger than 100,000 at Gaugamela.
[edit] Ancient sources
Alexander commanded a force from his kingdom of Macedon, Thracian allies and the Corinthian League that, according to Arrian, the most reliable historian of Alexander (who is believed to be relying on the work of the eye-witness Ptolemy), numbered 7,000 cavalry and 40,000 infantry. According to Arrian, Darius's force numbered 40,000 cavalry and 1,000,000 infantry,[9]; Diodorus Siculus put it at 200,000 cavalry and 800,000 infantry,[10]; Plutarch put it at 1,000,000 troops[11] (without a breakdown in composition), while according to Curtius Rufus it consisted of 45,000 cavalry and 200,000 infantry.[12] Furthermore according to Arrian,[8] Diodorus, and Curtius, Darius had 200 chariots while Arrian mentions 15 war elephants.[9] Included in Darius's infantry were about 2,000 Greek mercenary hoplites.[5]
While Darius had a significant advantage in numbers, most of his troops were of a lower quality than Alexander's. Alexander's pezhetairoi were armed with a six-meter spear, the sarissa. The main Persian infantry was poorly trained and equipped in comparison to Alexander's pezhetairoi and hoplites. The only respectable infantry Darius had were his 10,000 Greek hoplites[5] and his personal bodyguard, the 10,000 Persian Immortals.[7] The Greek mercenaries fought as an Argos phalanx, armed with a heavier shield but with spears no longer than three meters, while the spears of the Immortals were 2 meters long. Among his other troops the most heavily armed were the Armenians who were armed the Greek way, probably as an Argos phalanx. The rest of his contingents were much more lightly armed; the main weapon of the Achaemenid army historically was the bow and arrow.
[edit] Size of Macedonian army
[edit] Modern estimates
Units Numbers
Phalangists 31,000[1]
Peltasts 9,000[1]
Cavalry 7,000
Total 47,000[1]
Most historians agree that the Macedonian army consisted of 31,000 heavy infantry including the Greek hoplites in reserve, with an additional 9,000 light infantry consisting mainly of Peltasts with some Archers. The size of the Macedonian mounted units was about 7,000.
Here are my references
1.)^ a b c d Moerbeek (1997) estimates 31,000 phalangites and 9,000 light infantry.
2.)^ a b c d e Warry (1998) estimates a total size of 91,000. Welman estimates a total size of 90,000. Delbrück (1978) estimates a total size of 52,000. Thomas Harbottle estimates 120,000.[1] Engels (1920) and Green (1990) estimate the total size of Darius' army to be no larger than 100,000 at Gaugamela.
So based on this I would have to believe that the Qin Army of say 310 BCE in your scenario, would be able to compare to Alexander's force.
Now later when Qin was in the process of unifying China, especially during its invasion of Chu, the size of armies, were upwards of one million men for each side. Now at the battle of Changping, 35 years earlier, in 260 BCE, the army of Qin numbered some 650,000, while Zhao had 500,000. Really amazing figures, that come from the records of the Grand Historian, Shiji, the Chinese comparison of Herodotus. My guess is and will probably agree that these figures might be quite exaggerated. The logistics would be impossible. I probably would say at least one hundred thousand for each side during these great invasions, however I along with everybody else have no proof. This is what I base my guess on, due to the problems of logistics of the time, and the limitations of technology of ancient times.
Dachs how about a rating system for different aspects of the scenario. For instance we could rate Alexander's command ability against the Qin General leading the Chinese army. Let's say the rating system is 1 through 5, with 5 being excellent.
I would start by saying Alexander had the complete advantage in generalship, and his rating is 5. I will give the Qin Chinese comander a 3, because I do not believe they have come into their own just yet. It will be several years later, before they become top notch commanders.
Now if you rate every aspect of the battle in this way, maybe we can formulate a picture of what would happen if there was a war, between Alexander and Qin.
Now everybody can vote on ratings, and it of course is speculation.
Another example would be bow against crossbow. I would give the Chinese a rating of 4 for their crossbow, against a 3 for Alexanders archers.
This is just an idea, and we can use this system from everything from metallurgy of weaponry to which side had better horses. Let me know what you think.