Humm... Did something cause Spain to fall rather harder than usual?
Well, it was weakened by the PoD quite directly...
I think in that PoD due to the threat from the Ottomans the HRE was unified into Germany somewhere around 1500
No, its much later... Germany in this world came together in the 19th century, this is only a more centralized version of the German Confederation.
the gradual collapse of the Ottomans
Actually, it was hardly gradual - both that of the Ottomans, and, to a much lesser extent, that of their successors...
Not sure if its stronger - it is more stable, yes, and is larger because it went for an Asian landgrab one-two decades earlier than in OTL (and Asian landgrabs in the 19th century were generally easier than the European ones...). I suppose that by 1900 it has generally strenghthened as compared to OTL, but still, its not MUCH stronger.
the changed dinamics of the European politics caused the US to win the war of 1812,
Not
quite right about the causes, although USA did win that war.
the Confederacy to be able to win the Civil War.
This was caused by the American victory in 1812 - firstly, no battle of New Orleans, thus no Andrew Jackson presidency and thus no Nullification Crisis happened to intimidate the southern states, secondly, there were more problems with the issue of dividing western gains, thirdly and most importantly, the conquest of Canada granted the North such an advantage over the South that its politicians, beginning to lose influence as Canadian states begun to appear, decided to secede earlier. IMHO in the case of CSA seccession, it is the earlier the better because the North will have less time to build up its industrial powerhouse and thus will generally be weaker; British revanchism after 1812 helped, though the British didn't help CSA directly yet they proved rather more generous and later also provided the diplomatic pressure.
Wait... Why is the US capital in Newark of all places?
It was meant to be New York, really. They're so close together, anyway.
question, how did Peru get so big?
They had an opportunistic self-declared emperor in 1860s, who allied with Brazil and kicked some of his neighbours arround. Parts of his empire split away after his death, but most of his gains remained.
It would appear several of Bolivar's ideas were implemented, such as Gran Columbia and a unified Peru,
Well, Bolivar was generally more succesful in this world, for a certain reason directly connected to the PoD...
Argentina is much more powerful than it was.
Not at all, although it did take over Chile when the latter was in civil war. Do note that it had to move its capital and that it lost a certain bank of a certain river. It was much stronger at one point, but the Brazilian-Peruvian alliance destroyed the Provinces de la Plata.
Mexico wins the Mexican-American war?
No Mexican-American War happened (American expansion was at first firmly shifted to the north, where the more habitable parts of Canada were being colonized), unless you count the Confederate-Mexican War over Texas.
Sewards plans for Canadian Annexation were realized. Or does Portugal somehow control North America?
Um, no, that's the USA, which generally shifted northwards.
And is that the conderacy or German Territory
CSA.
Wait. Uber-Sweden. Something European.
The PoD IS European, but the Scandinavian Union has emerged for reasons not DIRECTLY connected to it.
Revoultionary war was lost, then afte Napoleon was defeat,
No, somewhat later. And IMHO the colours aren't THAT similar...