Water (resource)
Water is the building block of all life, and besides a few hardy extremophile bacteria, nothing can exist without it. Although water is plentiful on Earth, on Mars it is a very valuable commodity. Most of the water comes from underwater Aquifers, remnants of a lost ocean that once covered the north of Mars.
For the colonists, water is a essential resource, and at the critical colonization stage, most of it has to be shipped from earth. But improvements in terraforming, and the discovery of the water may lead these colonies onto the path of self sufficency, if technologies can be developed to pump it out of it's underground resevoirs.
Command center
Throughout history, humanity has always needed some kind of leadership in order to survive effeciently. On earth, countires were run from some kind of administrative center. At first they were Palaces, but as time progressed, and mankind moved away from despotisim and monarchy, Presidents or representives took their place.
On the Martian surface, a Command center is a extremely essential place. It holds reserves of oxygen and water for the first colony, it has advanced communications to talk to Earth, and most importantly, it houses the colony leader, who coordinates the path of the colonists. It is one of the most vital buildings on the martian surface, although only one can be built, for obvious reasons.
PSE (Civ)
The Private space explorers were founded as a small business that provided supllies and manpower to the governmental space agencies. However, over time, the CEO realized that Mars had an immense mineral wealth that had to be taken quickly. So, he switched the company's main business from providing parts, to actually colonizing.
By the 2060s, the PSE had several plants and pumps, using automated machinery to mine the martian resources. After the failed UN colonization, the vast amount of mutants finding their way across the surface attacked the PSE's private drilling stations, cutting them off, and making PSE lose millions in revenue.
This failure prompted the CEO to think of other ways to make money from Mars, when he noticed the rapid colonization efforts pushed by the different nations. Realizing he could make money having colonies on the Red planet, he pushed his own civilian program to send people to Mars, and millions signed up, anaware of the dangers on the Red planet.
Now the CEO simply needs to bide his time until the colony is strong enough to push the other colonies off the surface, so he can become the top dog of another planet.
Miniarization Quote:
"For a Species wanting so badly to expand, Humans seem to have a obsession with small things" - Sari Kun, Modern Philosopher