I know I'm posting a lot of stories right now, but a) It might be my last chance to post stories about Spain and b) I think literature is one of the best ways to see inside a culture's mindset.
Spanish Literature: 1900-1919
Ignacio (1901, 902, 1904, 1906) is a thrilling series of children's books, written by Antonio Mores, chronicling the adventures of the titular Ignacio. Ignacio is a mercenary and hunter, who finds himself fighting against enemies (frequently Brazilian or British in origin) in the wilds of America, (Ignacio in America, 1901), India (Ignacio in India), Angola (Ignacio in Africa), and then the trenches of Occitania (1906). The series is renowned for its portrayal of the Spanish Empire, and has been burned into the minds of many Spanish students as how the old Empire looked out upon the colonies.
Conquistador, (1903) a baudy tale of lust and adventure, was written by one Carlos Pimenda. It is typical of the 'peso novellas' of the period, which were short books printed on low quality paper and sold for cheap prices. The peso novellas were typically full of ribauld stories that offended the sensibilities of the old, such as Conquistador, a tale about a Spanish man who goes to India to take its riches and, more specifically, its women.
Why We Fight (1905), by Felipe Patron, is a book chronicling the history of the Spanish Empire and its conflict with Brazil. It was released with the blessing of the Spanish Congress as a propaganda piece, but has been used frequently by scholars of the Great War as a look into the minds of the people who fought the war.
All Quiet on the Bengal Front (1908) by Miguel Costanza is a shocking look at the privations of war suffered by Spanish soldiers in the Great War. Miguel Costanza wrote an autobiographical look on his time in the war, specifically his service in Bengal. The book brought the horrors of war home to a tired Spanish populace, which saw the horrors of the war to their face when many tired and hurt soldiers returned to their homes after the war was over. Costanza's book helped infuriate the populace against the reigning Tradicional government, who blamed the conservatives for the war and its loss.
Twilight of Democracy (1913) was written in a time of great upheaval in Spain. With the chaotic victory by the Liberales in the 1912 elections and the chaos that the Phoenix Party was causing in Spain, the author, a political theorist called Jose Mandango, felt that Spanish democracy was nearing collapse. Mandango wrote that Spain would be forced to either reform itself drastically in the next four years or face total collapse into despotism, as did many countries around the world, particularly the USA, which was thought to be the first country to collapse into chaos by not reforming itself. The dictatorships would fall first, but Spain was next, Mandango wrote. He was able to predict the Civil War in 1916, and reportedly said to a reporter when asked "Called it."
The Manifesto of the Phoenix, (1913), by the leader of the Phoenix Party Miguel Primo de Rivera, is the first and only book written by Rivera that outlines his political views. de Rivera writes about the obvious superiority of Spanish culture, the unity that Iberians must undergo to fight against other cultures, and the coming 'Culture Wars,' where 'inferior cultures' will go to war out of jealousy of 'superior cultures' such as Iberians, Germans, Japanese, and Turks. The Manifesto of the Phoenix was greatly decried by much of Spain over de Rivera's radical views, though many took his teachings to heart.
Fausto (1917) is a satirical play by Maximilian Roberto satirising General Jose Mola and the Generals of Spain's civil war. General Manteca is offered a bargain by the demon Fausto, in which if he stands against the elected government he will be rewarded with ultimate power over the country. Manteca accepts the deal, but through his own blundering and incompetence manages to ruin the country in the process of seizing power. At this point, Fausto reappears to Manteca, and informs him that this is what he had planned all along.
The Family Alvarez (1919) chronicles the life of the titular Madrid family from 1900-1919, through the upheavals of life in Spain through the two decades. Cesar Alvarez and his wife Maria begin the book having just given birth to their second child, Julia, while their 14 year old son Hector is doing well in school at the time and their 5 year old son Juan has just begun. As time goes on, they become embroiled in the Great War, with Hector dying on the Occitan front and threatening to rip the family apart. The family struggles through the economic troubles of the post-war years, with Hector losing his job due to the stagnating economy, and the political upheavals of the early '10s. The family is then almost ripped apart once more by the Civil War, with Juan taking up arms to fight for the Proletarists during the Madrid Commune and Julia marrying an Imperial officer. However, the book ends on a happy note, with the signing of the Toledo accords and the possibility and hope of peace returning to Spain, and ends with a hopeful note of Cesar embracing his family as they look on the sun rising over Madrid.