Cheetah
Deity
The way things currently are however, the replacement constitution would be an absolute cluster-intercourse...
Probably. I will be interested in seeing the reasoning they use to ignore the plain letter of the law though.The will likely be overturned on en banc review.
Probably. I will be interested in seeing the reasoning they use to ignore the plain letter of the law though.
Also, someone mentioned about about Congress not convening a convention. They don't have to. The States, if enough vote for one, can force Congress to convene one whether they want to or not. That's right in the Constitution, though, so based on what I wrote above, the S.C. would probably just void the whole thing as silly.
It's a valid tool that should be used more often.
I say we try communism next. Suck on this, Eastern Block! We're America, we can make it work!
I thought the literal constructionists had gone extinct.
I know. It makes me glad to see that they still exist.
The will likely be overturned on en banc review.
The way things currently are however, the replacement constitution would be an absolute cluster-intercourse...
He was claiming two things in that conversation. The first is that the statute makes tax credits conditional on states establishing an Exchange, and therefore does not authorize tax credits through federal Exchanges, and the second is that this feature was essential for the Senates tax-writing committee to have jurisdiction to legislate in the area of health insurance.Rofl where do you find this stuff
the dude is talking about committee proceedings
Is it a typo?
Section 36B of the Internal Revenue Code, enacted as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA or the Act), makes tax credits available as a form of subsidy to individuals who purchase health insurance through marketplaces—known as “American
Health Benefit Exchanges,” or “Exchanges” for short—that are “established by the State under section 1311” of the Act. 26 U.S.C. § 36B(c)(2)(A)(i). On its face, this provision authorizes tax credits for insurance purchased on an Exchange established by one of the fifty states or the District of Columbia. See 42 U.S.C. § 18024(d). But the Internal Revenue Service has interpreted section 36B broadly to authorize the subsidy also for insurance purchased on an Exchange established by the federal government under
section 1321 of the Act. See 26 C.F.R. § 1.36B-2(a)(1) (hereinafter “IRS Rule”.
Appellants are a group of individuals and employers residing in states that did not establish Exchanges. For reasons we explain more fully below, the IRS’s interpretation of section 36B makes them subject to certain penalties under the ACA that they would rather not face. Believing that the IRS’s interpretation is inconsistent with section 36B, appellants challenge the regulation under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), alleging that it is not “in accordance with law.” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A).
On cross-motions for summary judgment, the district court rejected that challenge, granting the government’s motion and denying appellants’. See Halbig v. Sebelius, No.
13 Civ. 623 (PLF), 2014 WL 129023 (D.D.C. Jan. 15, 2014). After resolving several threshold issues related to its jurisdiction, the district court held that the ACA’s text,
structure, purpose, and legislative history make “clear that Congress intended to make premium tax credits available on both state-run and federally-facilitated Exchanges.” Id. at *18. Furthermore, the court held that even if the ACA were ambiguous, the IRS’s regulation would represent a permissible construction entitled to deference under Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984).
Appellants timely appealed the district court’s orders, and we have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. Our review of the orders is de novo, and “[o]n an independent review of the record, we will uphold an agency action unless we find it to be ‘arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law.’” Holland v. Nat’l Mining Ass’n, 309 F.3d 808, 814 (D.C. Cir. 2002) (quoting 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)). Because we conclude that the ACA unambiguously restricts the section 36B subsidy to insurance
purchased on Exchanges “established by the State,” we reverse the district court and vacate the IRS’s regulation.
(d) State
In this title,1 the term ‘‘State’’ means each of
the 50 States and the District of Columbia.
SEC. 1402. <<NOTE: 42 USC 18071.>> REDUCED COST-SHARING FOR INDIVIDUALS
ENROLLING IN QUALIFIED HEALTH PLANS.
(a) In General.--In the case of an eligible insured enrolled in a
qualified health plan--
(1) <<NOTE: Notification.>> the Secretary shall notify the
issuer of the plan of such eligibility; and
(2) the issuer shall reduce the cost-sharing under the plan
at the level and in the manner specified in subsection (c).
(b) Eligible Insured.--In this section, the term ``eligible
insured'' means an individual--
(1) who enrolls in a qualified health plan in the silver
level of coverage in the individual market offered through an
Exchange; and
(2) whose household income exceeds 100 percent but does not
exceed 400 percent of the poverty line for a family of the size
involved.
In the case of an individual described in section 36B(c)(1)(B) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the individual shall be treated as having
household income equal to 100 percent for purposes of applying this
section.
(c) Determination of Reduction in Cost-sharing.--
(1) Reduction in out-of-pocket limit.--
(A) In general.--The reduction in cost-sharing under
this subsection shall first be achieved by reducing the
applicable out-of pocket limit under section 1302(c)(1)
in the case of-- ...
(d) Requirements.--
(1) In general.--An Exchange shall be a governmental agency
or nonprofit entity that is established by a State.
SEC. 1321. <<NOTE: 42 USC 18041.>> STATE FLEXIBILITY IN OPERATION AND
ENFORCEMENT OF EXCHANGES AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.
(a) Establishment of Standards.--
(1) In general.-- <<NOTE: Regulations.>> The Secretary
shall, as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of
this Act, issue regulations setting standards for meeting the
requirements under this title, and the amendments made by this
title, with respect to--
(A) the establishment and operation of Exchanges
(including SHOP Exchanges);
(B) the offering of qualified health plans through
such Exchanges;
(C) the establishment of the reinsurance and risk
adjustment programs under part V; and
(D) such other requirements as the Secretary
determines appropriate.
The preceding sentence shall not apply to standards for
requirements under subtitles A and C (and the amendments made by
such subtitles) for which the Secretary issues regulations under
the Public Health Service Act.
(2) Consultation.--In issuing the regulations under
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consult with the National
Association of Insurance Commissioners and its members and with
health insurance issuers, consumer organizations, and such other
individuals as the Secretary selects in a manner designed to
ensure balanced representation among interested parties.
(b) State Action <<NOTE: Deadline.>> .--Each State that elects, at
such time and in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe, to apply
the requirements described in subsection (a) shall, not later than
January 1, 2014, adopt and have in effect--
(1) the Federal standards established under subsection (a);
or
(2) a State law or regulation that the Secretary determines
implements the standards within the State.
(c) Failure To Establish Exchange or Implement Requirements.--
(1) In general.--If--
(A) a State is not an electing State under
subsection (b); or
(B) <<NOTE: Determination. Deadline.>> the Secretary
determines, on or before January 1, 2013, that an
electing State--
(i) will not have any required Exchange
operational by January 1, 2014; or
(ii) has not taken the actions the Secretary
determines necessary to implement--
(I) the other requirements set forth
in the standards under subsection (a);
or
(II) the requirements set forth in
subtitles A and C and the amendments
made by such subtitles;
the Secretary shall (directly or through agreement with a not-
for-profit entity) establish and operate such Exchange within
the State and the Secretary shall take such actions as are
necessary to implement such other requirements.
(2) Enforcement authority.-- <<NOTE: Applicability.>> The
provisions of section 2736(b) of the Public Health Services Act
shall apply to the enforcement under paragraph (1) of
requirements of subsection (a)(1) (without regard to any
limitation on the application of those provisions to group
health plans).
(d) No Interference With State Regulatory Authority.--Nothing in
this title shall be construed to preempt any State law that does not
prevent the application of the provisions of this title.
(e) Presumption for Certain State-Operated Exchanges.--
(1) In general.-- <<NOTE: Determination.>> In the case of a
State operating an Exchange before January 1, 2010, and which
has insured a percentage of its population not less than the
percentage of the population projected to be covered nationally
after the implementation of this Act, that seeks to operate an
Exchange under this section, the Secretary shall presume that
such Exchange meets the standards under this section unless the
Secretary determines, after completion of the process
established under paragraph (2), that the Exchange does not
comply with such standards.
(2) Process.--The Secretary shall establish a process to
work with a State described in paragraph (1) to provide
assistance necessary to assist the State's Exchange in coming
into compliance with the standards for approval under this
section.
FFS, Congress could have deemed federal Exchanges to be established by the State if it had chosen to do so. Washington, D.C., for example, is not a state. Yet its Exchange is established by a State because the PPACA expressly defines the District as a State for purposes of Title I. The PPACA also expressly provides that any U.S. territory that establishes such an Exchange shall be treated as a State for purposes of [Section 1311]. Congress was very clear in both instances. If as the law's defenders argue and Congress intended for federal Exchanges to be deemed established by the State for the purposes of the law, it had ample opportunity to put that into the law and actively chose not to do so.Gnnnnn, fine, let's break out the Affordable Care Act itself and start reading!
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ148/html/PLAW-111publ148.htm