The United States has a higher proportion of its population in prison than any other Western nation,[36] and more than Russia or China.[37] The dramatic rise in the rate of incarceration in the United States, a 500% increase from the 1970s to the 1990s due to criminalization of certain behaviors, strict sentencing guidelines and changes in philosophy, has vastly increased the number of people disfranchised because of the felon provisions. According to the Sentencing Project, as of 2010 an estimated 5.9 million Americans are denied the right to vote because of a felony conviction, a number equivalent to 2.5% of the U.S. voting age population and a sharp increase from the 1.2 million people affected by felony disenfranchisement in 1976.[38] Given the prison populations, the effects have been most disadvantageous for minority and poor communities.[39]