It's not the same scaling at all. I think it works like this. They programmed some zones for ranges of levels. Let's say a zone is for level 5 to 10, if you go there before 5 you will get owned, if you go there at 8 you will face level 8 enemies, if you go there at level 12 you should own.
I felt SOME scaling, but to me, the raiders with small guns remained raiders with small guns throughout the whole game. At the end you will meet a higher quantity of tougher enemies like giant rad scorpions and sentry bots, but there will always be crappy ones to blast for your pleasure.
I found the scaling to be far more acceptable and far less noticeable than it was in Oblivion. I pretty much stopped playing Oblivion and never really reached the end of the game (even though I started many many games and played the game hundreds of hours!) because of that annoying scaling. One day you cross a road and you beat up a few guys, the next day you leveled a bit and somehow in the same spot there are minotaurs. No, just no.