European History AP
The Roman Crisis of the 6th Century BC
Yesterday students, we covered the beginning of Roma and the rise of the Roman Republic. Today we will cover one of the most prominent events of the Roman Republic coined as The Crisis of the 6th Century BC by a few scholars.” *various moans comes from the students* “We have a lot of notes to cover in a short fifty five minutes so we better begin quickly…
The Crisis of the Sixth Century had her roots in the Roman conquest of the Etruscans around the founding of Rome. There were discussions from the scant historical records that still exist how to govern those cities. Unfortunately, the Etruscan cities were almost all overrun by the Celtic barbarians in Italy at the time and so the discussion was dropped. Rome continued to expand in Italia in most of the second and till the middle of the first millennia. The conquest of Italy south of the Rubicon to the tip of Naples was complete.
Rome’s borders were well patrolled by her well trained legions of around ten thousand soldiers divided into various arms with the majority of them being hastati, principes with a scattering of triarii, archers and a small force of horsemen. In addition, her coastal areas were patrolled and guarded extensively by her naval force which was the largest fleet outside of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. You should also add to your notes that under Rome’s government, people could talk about everything from gossip of the rich and powerful, to high politics. If you had to live three thousand years ago, you would want to live in Rome opposed to say Japan.
However as the sixth century crept up on the Romans, problems appeared. The issue at hand you could say was like a crack, while Rome was a building. The crack would only get bigger and more dangerous to Rome if it wasn’t fixed soon. The crack had just gotten even bigger with the granting of autonomous status to her cities. Now, Senator Atretus Brutus *writes it out* was a prominent Senator of his time and one of the champions of the legislation. He plays a very important role later on and you should remember his name in preparation for the test.
He’s so important I can guarantee that the essay question on the AP exam will have him in the answer some way. Now you have to understand people back then didn’t think of themselves as citizens of a country, but by their ethnic lines. However, in Rome, that line had begun to blur. People from throughout the world, after living in Rome for years began to call themselves Roman, and not their ethnicity. Now as you can probably figure out, or not, some of the “real” Romans didn’t like that at all and didn’t want foreigners to become citizens and have all the rights of voting and etc.
It was the trigger for the gun and all hell broke loose in the city of Roma ranging from tavern brawls to full scale riots between the two opposing forces in politics. Generally speaking and don’t write this down since I don’t want to get sued, the Romans were a violent bunch and weren’t exactly the prime example of a Republc. There seemed to be no end to the violence in sight but the primary leaders of both sides, mostly of the poor class, agreed that a cease fire occur during the anniversary of the founding of the Republic. On that day, February 27th 584 BC, remember that, very important, order and peace was restored in Roma from that day forward. There would be no more widespread violence from that day on that issue.
Senator Atretus Brutus on that symbolic day did a VERY brave thing. To really highlight how brave he was I have to tell you that almost all his fellow senators had long fled Roma after the beginning of the riots. This wealthy and influential man strongly supporting one of the sides in the riots stayed in the city for TWO WHOLE WEEKS as Roma burned around him. What was even more amazing was what he did on February 27th. In the dark of the night, he had set up a stage in Marius Square where he knew the people would go to. The day came, and as the sun rose behind him he addressed the crowd. Now, I expect you to copy down the gist of his speech as recorded by the Roman Historian Pisces.
“Friends, countrymen, Romans! Lend me your ears! Look around you, your city, your home is in ruins! For nothing more then a silly political squabble. Almost five centuries ago, Marius Gaius in this exact same spot proclaimed the Roman Republic! Yet now, you dare shame and dishonor his work in front of his very personage! He rallied us against the darkness of despotism to bring us into the light! The light of freedom and equality among all citizens of Rome! You are more free then all else under the lovely Heavens, yet here you squabble unwary of the already great freedoms you have.
There are men on this world who would die to have 1/10th of your rights as Citizens! Not subjects to a decadent High King with his Lords, you should be ashamed! What is it mean to be Roman? Who is a Roman! Who has the power to choose who is a Roman? None of you do! You may hate every word I say, but I beseech you, strike me dead when I have finished! I, am by consideration of the purest Roman blood, yet through my veins flows the blood of the Greeks! For was not Aeneas of Troy the sire of Romulus? If we are to close the doors of our nations, what makes us but despots?
NO! We cannot turn our back on the works of our forefathers and destroy all that they have fought to build. Will you? If you will, are you nothing but a kinslayer of the highest order? The life of a man however long is mortal. The life of an idea of a man is immortal! To slay an idea, is more heinous then slaying a man! To be Roman, is to speak, talk, eat and dress like a Roman! It is not one of blood or ancestry! I shall now go to Pluto in peace!”
You may think students that he was stoned to death, but by all historical accounts the crowd was moved to tears. Yep, grown men armed to the teeth crying with each other. And that was how the Crisis of the 6th Century was resolved, by a lot of people crying. Oh yes, and Senator Atretus Brutus became First Consul in the next election. Tomorrow we’ll be covering the Wars the League of the Sea Peoples got themselves in.