1824-1830: Turning the Tides
Immediately upon ascending to office, the new President Vicente Guerrero ended the long-running policy of high research spending. The surplus wealth would instead be used to pay for government projects, and fund a revitalized war effort.
Under strict orders, the entire Mexican army mobilized to liberate the Yucatan from Spanish occupation, limiting the garrisons of every city. Santa Anna, now named Minister of War by Guerrero, quickly moved his well-trained rurales from California to lead the war effort from the front lines.
Before the counter-offensive could begin, Guerrero sent delegations across the globe in order to acquire allies. No nation came to the aid of Mexico and France, though trade was opened with the wealth of far-off China.
With troops gathering from across the country, President Guerrero organized the largest military force ever seen in North America, totaling at about 93,000 Mexican soldiers. The Spanish were sure to be overwhelmed, with even the most generous estimates assuming they had 10,000 of their own soldier operating in Mesoamerica.
As the Mexican army began its march into Spanish-controlled territory, several mines opened in the Black Hills outside of Rapidos, providing plenty of extra work for the growing population. Guerrero particularly emphasized equal treatment for natives seeking work in the mines from the Dakota territroy, hoping to ensure peace between the tribes and easily angered white/mestizo settlers.
By early 1825, under the command of Santa Anna, the Mexican Army entered Spanish territory, camping on the road between Merida and Guatemala City, cutting off Spanish reinforcements. Several cavalry divisions were sent ahead to the city outskirts to antagonize the garrisons, while the Mexican navy skirting the coastline to provide further artillery support.
For Mexico's French allies, however, the war only became worse and worse. News reached Victoria in the New Orleans embassy that the city of Marseilles and southern French coastline had been conquered by a coalition Habsburg force, definitively winning the war in continental Europe.
In an ambitious move, the majority of the Mexican Army was sent to siege Guatemala by Santa Anna. His veteran cavalry, however, moved north and to capture Merida, which they did thanks to the support of the population within. With sabotage and the sheer force of a cavalry charge working against them, the brigade holding the Yucatan for Spain fell swiftly. Mexican control of the peninsula had been restored.
Meanwhile, with Guerrero's permission, Santa Anna sent another small unit to board the ARM Maria, which set sail for Spanish Cuba. The island colony had sent its garrison to support the war in Central America, leaving it an easy target.
As the battle raged on in the nation's south, non-soldiers turned their productivity elsewhere. The infrastructure and complexity of Mexico's interior continued to expand as more laborers arrived to work in the area.
Though Guerrero had long given up on direct foreign aid, foreign currency was still more than welcome. Several trade deals were made with confident victory clear on the horizon, in order to fund the war pushing beyond what anyone had anticipated.
The civilian garrison in Cuba stood no chance against the force invading from the sea, who were joined by slaves seeking freedom from their chains.
What seemed like a sudden turnaround in the war sent ripples across the world. It soon came to Guerrero's attention that other liberation movements had taken hold in Habsburg colonies, such as the recently independent Federative Republic of Brazil.
With the army unified, and Guatemala's defences worn down by years of frigate and artillery fire, the city could be taken. The first stage of the attack was dual cannon fire from the sea and land, destroying the last remnants of defence and sending the city into chaos.
With the troops protecting key points in the city scattered, the Mexican Army rushed in. Heavy casualties were endured amids the rubble on both sides, but the Spanish army was ultimately defeated. Surviving enemy soldiers were taken captive, with the most valuable ransomed back to the Spanish government.
Guadalupe Victoria's goals for war with Spain had been accomplished. The fall of California, Guatemala and Cuba had crippled Spanish influence in North America, liberating thousands, and leaving Mexico to lead in their place. For President Guerrero, this was not the end. As most of the army returned home to recover, one force boarded the Mexican navy under Admiral Pedraza's command, and set sail for the Philippines in order to end the Spanish rule of the Pacific.
The surplus the Moderate government had been building up soon found its use, as their funds were used to reconstruct much of Merida and the Yucatan ruined during the war.
Early in 1828, official contact was established between Mexico and Brazil. Like with Colombia, the similar history between the two states started them off on the right foot, leading to a quick opening of trade between them.
Though the situation in Mexico had seemed to stabilize, an unexpected conflict soon arose. Deep in the lawless Colorado Territory, dissatisfied Apache tribes long harassed by local ranchers rose up in violent opposition to Mexican settlement. Attempts to negotiate were met with further violence, leaving Guerrero with no choice but to mobilize troops in response.
The Apache uprising was quickly dealt with by the professional Mexican soldiers. Surviving tribesmen, captured by the army, were executed without permission by the colonel leading the expedition, one Thomas Hafez. The news enraged natives and Mestizos across Mexico. Guerrero, outraged, swiftly had Hafez stripped of his rank and hung for his crimes. This had its own repercussions, as the execution of a well-liked military officer insulted the cooperative brotherhood the military had become. Conservatives too, expressed their anger with Guerrero's actions, with General Anastasio Bustamante threatening potential consequences for further transgressions against the Mexican Army.
After several months at sea, the Mexican Army finally arrived in the Philippines, surprising the Spanish troops stationed there who expected no such invasion.
In 1830, four months before the presidential election, the Republic of Mexico seized the Spanish Philippines, their first "colony". Admiral Pedraza's capture of the regional capitol, Manila, used tactics similar to those employed by Santa Anna in Guatemala. The navy bombarded the city before land units stormed in amidst the chaos. Though effective, unnecessary casualties were sustained in the process, as an entire grenadier brigade was killed in the fighting. Some Filipinos responded to Mexican liberation with celebration, partially due to Vicente Guerrero's own heritage. Most locals, however, reacted with indifference, seeing Mexican rule as the same system under a different name.
With Guerrero's term just about to end, riots began to erupt in Rapidos. Attempts to treat all workers in the area equally had only bred resentment, and skirmishes blew up between native groups, Mexican settlers and the remaining American residents, all of whom blamed Guerrero's rule one way or another for their woes.
Over these six years, Guerrero had clearly turned around the war, though he alienated many groups in the process. Only the 1830 election could show how much his actions had cost him.