Riesstiu IV said:
I haven't read this whole thread and this may be off topic but concerning the recent riots in Australia and many Western European nations, I was surprised to learn there are actually ghetto communities made wholly of immigrants from the Muslim Middle East and North Africa.
My question is, why do many European nations and Australia have these problems of integration?
I can speak only for France, but I can see several factors.
First, the immigrants who came initially from North Africa (we don't have as many from the Middle East) were "welcomed" to do harsh reconstruction work after WWII. Later, France entered a period of economical prosperity known as the "30 glorieuses" (the 30 glorious years). We needed manpower. Cheap manpower. So we let immigrants came to do that. They were not well paid compare to our own standard, and so could not afford nice houses, and were living in really poor conditions.
Later, we had a new wave of immigration because of Algeria war: a lot of people came back from there and needed to be housed.
And last, people who came here to work initially wanted to bring their familly with them, and than sound logical. We ask them to work for thus, I don't see why we should have refuse it.
So in the end 60 / early 70, we decided to improve their leaving conditions. So we build a lot oif HLM (Habitation à loyer modéré = housing with cheap rent). It was large several stories buildings, with many appartement, which at the time were quite nice and modern. As it was cheap, immigrants could afford them. But still, it was not so good as houses in rich neighbouroud, so the whites who went there were mostly low class.
The result was these cities were mostly inhabited by immigrants. However, it's was not done to regroup them and park them.
The problem is at the time, some people thought this kind of buildings (inspired by communist architecture

) was a very good answer: people will leave together, it will help build a society and help them integrate, it was cheap and fast to build compared to single houses...
But it was a big mistakes:
- The building were nice initially, but became quite crapy as they get older, and were not properly maintained / replaced.
- They were not so nice as the planner think. Not enough light, not enough trees, etc. And were quite deshumanizing.
- We in fact concentrated the poors in these buildings, and created immigrant communities.
Later, when the economical situation worsened, we did not need to much cheap labor (especially with robotics in factories), and we had to many of them (with their familly,etc). The economy mutated, and required more and more skilled people. But people from this communities were not skilled enough.
So unemployement soon skyrocketed in these "cités". With unemployement came the temptation of small criminality (drug traffic, stealing cars, etc). And also the feeling to be abandonned by the authorities, and parked in some kind of reserve. And they also fell back on each other. Instead of being French, or or being Algerian or Morrocan, or being muslim, they feel they are from a specific cité.
Also, the gangs of young in these cities make it not enjoyable to live in, etc.
Another reason of our difficulty of integration is lack of education. We blindly thought that our culture was so superior that immigrants would gladly and automatically adopt them. The problem is we didn't teach that culture.
So the immigrants leaved together, didn't really learn the language, and continued to leave the way they did before, because they were used to it and didn't really know another way. They integrated to slowly.
Now, we start to see the big mistakes we have done, and have taken a few steps to correct it:
- We try to spread the immigrants, destroy old buildings, build new cheap housing, but small buildings spread as much as possible, to break these "immigrant communties"
- We have also created a kind of contract for new immigrants, where they can get free training course in French language, basic French laws and customs, so they don't feel rejected and can learn enough of their new country to adopt it.
- And we are also fighting descrimination, so they can find job, don't feel rejected, and start to feel French