So as you debate your options before you, I am sure you are wondering what stats might be looking like. The game will mostly be comprised of units that you are going to be deploying, and here is a sample look of a division and what each category means!
Army of the Republic of Vietnam
5th Division (Infantry)
Training: D
Equipment: C
Morale: D
Supplied At: 70%
Readiness: C
Specialization: None
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Training is a measure of how much experience your soldiers have, gained through trial by fire or other more traditional means. A well trained force will be able to better execute orders, have better initiative, and will take to specializations much quicker than less trained forces. They make fewer mistakes, and can take initiative when needed.
However, training is not the end all be all. A warlord once said “A bullet from a 14 year old is just as effective as a bullet from a 40 year old. Often more effective.” A poorly trained soldier can sit behind a wall or in a trench and defend rather well, and in a more “meat grinder battle”, warm bodies may account for more than well trained warm bodies. Your training officer and the rest of the general staff will have to determine whether it is better to train the men or if two weeks and a few days at the firing range is all you can afford. Soldiers will naturally gain experience as they enter fights (as long as they survive!) and can rise in the ranks, but it may be a slow process. Keeping some elite units is definitely advisable, but you may find that training your entire army is not only prohibitively expensive, but also leaving you desperately short on manpower.
The only exception I would say are aircraft. I would /heavily/ recommend training your pilots due to the immense cost of aircraft, but sometimes you just need the birds in the sky. It’s your choice.
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Equipment is the measure of the quality (both technological and condition) of your equipment that you are using. Of course weapons are a big factor in that, but also aspects such as having a radio and other equipment, which can be a significant advantage for the unit. Equipment is slightly affected by the Supplied stat, and may degrade if the unit does not have any time to rest and repair their equipment. It can affect the morale of a unit though, as a unit may be impressed or angered by the quality of equipment they receive.
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Morale is the emotional well being of the unit. High morale units are more likely to believe in your cause, and therefore fight harder, and be less likely to cut and run like troops with low morale. Morale is a tricky subject to handle, and it can vary from unit to unit. The actions of the unit, Training, Equipment, and Supply, and the activities of the entire army all affect morale. A unit may gain morale when your side captures a key objective. wins a major battle, and generally winning the war, or at the very least not causing too many casualties in the unit. Morale can potentially take a beating though if you force the unit to take unethical actions, lose battles, or if you abandon allied units. While high morale can keep a unit fighting for a bit longer, low morale can cause a unit to be more willing to surrender, or even outright disband if it gets low enough.
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“Supplied At” is not given a normal letter grade, but rather is given at a certain percentage. Supplied At is affected by no stat, and affects every stat for your unit, and is critical for maintaining a functioning army. Supply lines are /incredibly/ important, and maintaining an effective logistics network is worth several battlefield victories. Supplies are not just the food for your men, the bullets for your guns, or the oil for your tanks. It is also your socks and boots, the bandages and medicine for your wounded, anything and everything you can think that a soldier might need. A unit will need a certain amount of supplies per turn to function. Some supplies can be foraged, and you can focus on only essential supplies to keep costs down, but it will have a potentially severe affect on all categories for the unit. An army marches on its stomach indeed.
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Readiness is perhaps the most important stat to look at in terms of the fighting power of your units. Readiness measures how ready your units are to jump back into the fray, and at how close they are to their full fighting capability. Luckily for you though, Readiness is the easiest stat to influence! Readiness is degraded by simply taking action, especially consecutive actions, degrading exponentially as casualties and time mounts. Readiness can also be degraded when being put on a new assignment, or even if you keep a unit out of the fight for too long. However, by bringing units out of the fight for a rest period and bringing them into a high resupply rate can quickly regenerate their readiness. Readiness can also be affected by training, equipment, rate of supply, and morale (highly trained, well equipped and supplied, and in good spirits troops are going to be ready to fight quicker than poorly equipped conscripts on retreat).
I cannot stress the importance of the Readiness stat enough. A unit with A’s across the board for stats with F readiness may be overwhelmed by a unit with F’s across the board with A readiness. Keeping fresh troops available will be what can drive your offensives or keep hold on a key fortress or highway. I would note that a strategy that revolved around keeping your enemy’s troops in a low readiness state due to the amount of casualties they are taking can be a highly effective strategy to chip away at their numbers, morale, and objectives.
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Specialization does not have a grade, but is instead a measure of what, if anything, a unit is good at (or a battalion attached to it). Things such as “Policing”, “Engineering”, “Anti-Partisan”, “Reconnaissance” “Mountaineer”and plenty of others can all be learned. Depending on the time period, we may get more options too such as “Airborne”, “Anti-Armor”, “Chemical” or “Minesweeper”. Specialization can be added to a unit only through training (it cannot be learned in the field), and will reduce its readiness and training for a period. However, the advantages may more than make up for it. As with normal training, giving every unit in your army a specialization will be prohibitively expensive, and you may not be able to cover every specialization. Therefore, it is important to choose wisely to build the best force that the American foreign aid budget can buy!