Chapter 9: The Battle of Baghdad
As the cavalry in Wasit healed their wounds from the recent battle, Abu Muslim Khorasani's men stayed to help govern Al-Basrah. The Abbasid Caliphate, under their Caliph Harun al-Rashid, wished to retake the valuable trading center. The Abbasids sent the skilled Abna spearmen against the cavalry, thinking that the spearmen, trained against horses, would be able to pick off the cavalry. But what the caliphate failed to calculate was the inclusion of the Seljuk's archery. On horseback, the Seljuks were so skilled at shooting arrows it was said they could pin a fly to a tree 100 meters away without killing it. Of course, this is purely legend, but it well describes the level of skill. Needless to say, the tribal cavalry, under Abu Muslim Khorasani, obliterated the Abna spearmen, and Al-Basrah remained in Seljuk hands.
The Principality of Armenia was a state that branched off of the Byzantine Empire. The principality was in the Caucasus Mountains, an area far too mountainous for the Seljuk's horsemen. Thus, Alp Arslan refused to send men into the mountains, against the Armenians. The Byzantine Empire was said to only have allowed the Armenians to stay there in the first place was so that the Seljuks would not directly invade Anatolia. This all changed when King Ashot I ascended to the Armenian throne. For the first time since Armenia's submission to the Byzantines, a prince did not hold any power, but a king did. Ashot peacefully separated from the Byzantines, and Emperor Basil of Constantinople, not wishing to anger Armenian minorities in Anatolia, agreed to allow the new kingdom. Thus, the Kingdom of Armenia was established. Alp Arslan, while in Wasit, was visited by Ashot, and an uneasy peace between the faiths was made, the first peace between Sunni Muslims and Orthodox Christians in history. However, the peace came at a price. Mass migrations of Seljuk Turks went through the Caucasus into Anatolia, where it was said there'd be peace. The minority of Turks became a majority, and Emperor Basil was forced to let the city of Konya become the capital of a new Seljuk state in Anatolia, the Sultanate of Rum. The Sultanate arose in power quickly as Alp Arslan supported a rebellion against the Byzantines, and much of central Anatolia soon came under the Seljuk wing.
Back in Mesopotamia, reinforcements from Greater Iran arrived in Wasit. When the city ended the post-occupation revolt, the Seljuks mobilized once more, cutting across many rivers and streams until finally arriving at the gates of Baghdad, the largest city in Mesopotamia and the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, the worst enemy of the Great Seljuk Empire. It was the year of 1072, nine years after the capture of Wasit. Alp Arslan was aging, and was 51 when he first laid eyes on the city. Baghdad, as largest city and capital of the prestigious caliphate, was even more beautiful than any other city Arslan had ever seen. In the center of the grand city, the Spiral Minaret spiraled up and touched the heavens. Below, the palace of Harun al-Rashid, home to many exotic animals such as the peacock, was colored in green, blue, and gold. Though Arslan couldn't see it from the wall, he knew the House of Wisdom, the largest library and university in existence, was in the city as well. So Arslan was determined to capture it, even if it meant the deaths of many, many Seljuks. Due to a lack of quality walls, Arslan sent men immediately against the archers that defended the city, and the attack was ultimately successful. Though many Seljuks died, the front line archers were defeated. Untrained archers, consisting of mostly citizens of the city, arose and attempted to stop the Seljuk onslaught. The first attack against them by the Seljuks, which was supposed to just be a diversion in the first place, was forced into a retreat. However, a third attack came from the east, and the surprised archers were easily defeated. Alp Arslan entered the city with his men, but Harun al-Rashid was nowhere to be found. The caliph had fled to Samarra, a city north of Baghdad. Within the Caliph's palace, Alp Arslan legendarily freed all of the exotic animals, as they were not meant to live in captivity. The sultan lit a flame atop the Spiral Minaret, warning all Abbasids that the city was Seljuk now, and would stay that way for a long time.