Insane_Panda
Deity
MOD IT AZALE!
Yes!
Yes!
Alternate History Thread II...
- Thread starter Xen
- Start date
- Status
Symphony D.
Deity
That's the most badass China ever. And it's nice to see the Byzantines survive pretty well off for the first time in a long time. The American seaboard looks... interesting.
das
Regeneration In Process
Aye, Viking Britain strikes again!
Indeed. Though ofcourse in this world... its quite a different country. Different religion, etc...
Moravia, Frankia, Norman Lusitania, Saxony.
Toltecs, Chimu, Mississippia, Heavenly Dakotan Empire, Timucua, and four Viking (in one case, largely-Metis) states.
Khazars, Chi (Western) Empire, Ergutlids.
The big northern state is Rajaput in a way; it is the Cahamana kingdom, although by now the Rajaputs are only the ruling elite, and even then not completely. The pinkish state is the Kakatiya. The greenish state that you didn't mention is Kataka (named so for its capital). Bluish purple are the Palavas. Orangish, that you also didn't mention, are the Hoysalas. The state based in Ceylon are the Colas that moved their capital to an island to signify their maritime supremacy.
Yes, all right. Although the latter aren't really Majapahit, they are the completely althistoric state of Bantam. Very different political history there, ofcourse...
Zimbabwe and (in a way) Kanem-Bornu are true. Zanzibar is really "Rhapta", a breakaway Axumite colony. The state in Sahara is the Holy Tuareg Empire (yes, lots of religious fanatics in this world. No Islam, but Christians play the part just as well. Did I mention that both the Dakotas and the Tuaregs are ruled by heretical sects that mix native and Christian beliefs?).
Four. Well, sortof, as only one of them was ever ruled by a colonial power, but the others came, at least partially, from Europe as well (or from the British colonies).
See Panda.
And yet, as there is no satisfying some people, alex won't like this world at all. Because, indeed, it is Yuan (i.e. Mongol) China.
And they were even stronger in this world earlier. Well, actually not necessarily. They lost much land in Europe in the 14th century, but on the other hand they conquered Axum and Mesopatamia, and, as mentioned, have now established secure trade contacts all over the Indian Ocean.
das
Regeneration In Process
1686-1720.
Europe entered the Age of Reaction in a state of uneasiness and discomfort caused by the immense chaos of the recent war. The first stage of the Age of Reaction was characterized by a generally slow pace of technologic development (that picked up in 1710s), rebuilding efforts in Western and Central Europes and growth of tensions that eventually exploded in early 18th century. It would, however, not be 100% correct to say that the late 17th century was a time of the calm before the storm. It was before the storm alright - but it wasn't calm.
For start, two dramatic events happened in 1690s, one in England and Dutch Republic and other in Russia.
First event begun when, in 1693, William of Orange, the stadholder of the Dutch Republic, has died from old wounds and, more importantly, stress, for without a common foe, the United Provinces faced crisis after crisis, as regionalism grew and as, more importantly, the States General once more begun to antagonize the stadholder, seeking to curtail his power. His death begun the Second Stadholderless Period, during which the States General ruled the country. Quickly, the inefficiency and corruption of this new oligarchy became clear. This, his immense popularity amongst the Dutch and the fact that it was increasingly obvious to the Dutch people that the commerce by which they lived was dependant on English goodwill, caused the king of England to intervenne. This king was James III (OTL Duke of Monmouth, who in this world overthrew his less popular brother James II in 1686), who indeed was popular amongst the Dutch, having commanded an English expeditionary force in Netherlands during the Holy Roman War. The opposition party in the States General and several provincial assemblies promised support for James III, advancing once more the old idea of uniting England and the Dutch Republic into one, something that was by now inevitable due to the rising English economic dominance in the Dutch Republic and its colonies.
A pretext was soon found. To repay the war debts, James III raised tariffs on Dutch goods. Upon complaints, he suggested that they could be lowered even further than they were before... if a personal union of Netherlands and England is declared, and he is crowned the king of the Dutch, while the States General will keep their priveleges and even some power. Outraged, the States General refused... and soon, the people of the Hague rose up in the streets, incited by oppositionist leaders, while the provincial leaders, including the rising force of the Amsterdam bourgoise, officially invited James III to accepted the new Dutch crown... if he accepts certain "conditions". The Conditions later evolved further and became the primary law of the new United Kingdom of Britain and Holland (in this world, the word "Conditions" is used instead of "constitution"). Anyway, James III arrived on a white horse and with a small army to the Hague soon after, assisted by the defecting army. The States General soon surrendered, also accepting the Conditions. England - now in union with Scotland and Ireland under the name of Britain - was thus also united by another union with the Kingdom of Holland (including all of the Dutch Republic), although both Britain and Holland retained separate legal systems and "parliaments" (in Dutch case, a much-reformed States General) for now. This also resulted in the creation of a grand commercial-colonial empire abroad, as Dutch and British possessions were integrated. The UK was definitely a hegemon power... for now.
The other event was young tsar Peter's coming of age in Russia, in 1689, and the civil war that soon ensued. At the time, two court factions named for the powerful noble houses that supported them - the Naryshkins and the Miloslavskys respectively - were vying for predominance in Russia, as the Romanov dynasty, after some promising beginnings, seemed to be doomed to fall (as, indeed, it was). The Naryshkins supported tsar Peter as he reasserted his power, while the Miloslavskys supported his sister and former regent, Sophia, and the head of the posolskiy prikaz, Golitsyn, who by then also became the keeper of the great seal as they, in 1690, launched a coup d'etat to return to power, marching from the fortress city of Tula.
The Naryshkinist cause was doomed from the start, being supported only by parts of the army, the pro-Naryshkin parts of the nobility and the clergy and, passively, by the peasantry. Apart from two brigades of German mercenaries, all foreigners supported Golitsyn, and so did the merchants and the craftsmen. The troops loyal to Golitsyn were also the best-armed and the most-experienced. Still, Peter skilfully controlled the defenses of Moscow, defeating the Miloslavskist forces at Lyubertsy. This caused Golitsyn to reform his army and to modernize the streltsy into a more efficient fighting force, which was grudgingly accepted by them. Furthermore, he used this opportunity to activate his contacts with the merchants, who then organized rebellions in Novgorod and Arkhangelsk, forcing Peter to fight a two-front war. The Naryshkins tried to start a rebellion of their own in the Volga region, but it was defetated.
In 1691, a renewed assault on Moscow brought it on the edge of collapse, and Peter with a few loyal forces fought his way out of it, trying to get refuge in Poland. The Poles, interested in an alliance with Russia as they were, allowed him in... and then delivered him to the Miloslavskists. Refusing to abdicate, Peter took poison. Soon after, the Naryshkins - those of them that weren't captured or killed by Miloslavskist assassins - fled to the Sublime Porte. A zemsky sobor was once more assembled, and the "best men of Russia" decided, after some bribes, to declare Sophia tsarina Sophia I of Russia. The idiot co-tsar of Peter, Ivan V, who was ignored by everyone during the whole affair, was sent to a covenant upon his own request. All that was now needed was a husband for Sophia.
Such a husband was found surprisingly quickly. It was Vasiliy Vasilyevich Golitsyn, naturally. Albeit it was possible for Sophia to retain her last name of Romanov in theory, she did not decide so, declaring the house of Romanov, crippled by strife and unpopular, defunct. The House of Golitsyn-Romanov emerged instead, popularily reffered to as the House of Golitsyn. This caused an alarm in Poland (as the Golitsyns were the most senior branch of the Gedyminyanids alive, and thus had a claim on Lithuania), but the grateful Golitsyn, who too believed that Poland and Russia should be allies, agreed to renounce all and any claims on lands still held by Poland. In 1693, a half-hearted second rebellion took place led by some of the Naryshkins, but it too was defeated. The Romanov era was over; the Golitsyn one was beginning. Western specialists were invited in large amounts. The army was further improved. Religious tolerance was proclaimed (apart from the Muslims for now), and steps were taken to slowly emancipate the serfs (that caused a third coup attempt in 1699, but that too was defeated; nonetheless, the speed of those changes wasn't necessarily a good thing, as Russian government and Russian people were increasingly alienated from each other, and as dissatisfaction with the radical reforms grew).
Europe indeed was undergoing a period of self-strenghthening of several important powers. UK and the rapidly-westernizing Russia aside, Sweden was at the time integrating its new gains and undergoing a period of "absolutization" at home, as the Diet lost much power. Larger German states swallowed up lesser ones. Bohemia underwent further democratization, as the "citizen militias" were being trained for the event of an invasion (as many German states were eyeing it greedily). In Poland, Jan Sobieski querreled with his nobles and tried to absolutize it as well, with limited successes so far. Burgundy, whose first King Charles I (formerly Elector Palatine Johann Wilhelm II) has converted to Catholicism (which is how he changed his name to something more acceptable for most of his subjects, not to mention with historic references to Charlemagne and Charles the Bold) and confirmed a policy of religious tolerance, while encouraging protoindustrial development. Spain, now ruled by Jose I (former Josef, one of the few Austrian Habsburgs that escaped to Spain and the adopted heir of Charles II of Spain who died in 1692 in ATL), was undergoing a renaissance of its power as his talented first minister, Luis Oliviemeda, succesfully played the provincial grandees and regionalists off against each other, allowing Jose to centralize his country in spite of a revolt in Andalusia that this caused. Colonial administration was likewise reformed, and the Inquisition was restrained. Spain was recovering from its sickness, and now eyed the Mediterranean... while across it, the Ottomans solidified their hold on the North African lands and rebuilt their armies. France was thus a notable exception - all the money that wasn't stolen by the buerocrats was going to assist the war effort, as the French government was in a de facto perpetual state of war with its own people at the time, with constant rebellions and reprisals. Often, France had to rely on foreign intervention of all of its neighbours (all of them because neither trusted the others enough).
France aside, the main sphere of tensions now was the Mediterranean, and indeed the territory of the Ottoman Empire. The Holy Alliance was finally formed in 1702 - it was an alliance of Spain, the Knights of Malta, Venice, Poland and Russia, aimed against the Turks. Attempts to win Bavaria over to their side failed, and it was decided to try and incite a rebellion in Hungary instead. The Turkish rule there was quite unpopular; soldiers that participated in the Holy Roman War were granted fiefs there, but not inheritable ones, and so they didn't care much about long-term situation. Attempts to rectify this situation came too late - the Hungarians hated the Turks passionately by now.
In 1704, Pal Esterhazy started a great Hungarian rebellion, defeating Turks at Cegled. Soon enough, this translated into the War of the Holy Alliance, as its member countries supported Esterhazy. The Turks found no allies - Sweden was more interested in Germany, France was in ruins and the UK didn't care much about what happens in the Mediterranean. Still, they soldiered on, hoping to at least keep a part of Hungary. Albeit the Turks and their Tartar allies managed to defeat a Russian army at Kalchik and even retook Azov in 1706, while their fleet defeated the Venetian one at Cephalonia, apart from that, they had to face disaster after disaster. Polish and Hungarian forces linked up quikcly at Crisul Alb and crushed the Turks in Transylvania in a series of battles; this caused another rebellion, this time in Romania where Dimitrie Kantemir agreed to become the leader of a Polish vassal state. Meanwhile, Russian forces, in spite of a new Turkish-incited pro-Miloslavsky rebellion in their rear, retook Azov and in a desperate battle advanced across the Perekop under the brilliant general Nikita Antufyev (as in OTL, a serf turned nobleman and the founder of a noble house (though unlike in OTL, he didn't change his last name to Demidov), and in ATL, a military commander since an accident of the civil war in 1690s), thus for the first time in many decades penetrating Crimea itself succesfully. Venetian and Spanish fleets then defeated the barely-rebuilt Turkish one at Malta which it once more tried to seize, and in 1707 Spain begun to take over the Barbary Coast states. Same tactics as in the war with France were used: bombships devastated Oran, Algiers and Tunis, while maritime infantry moved in to take over these and some lesser cities (this time, unlike in the Holy Roman War, being to used to take AND hold the cities in question). Venetian attempt to conquer Egypt failed badly, but by then, Jan Sobieski already crossed the Danube, while the Crimean Tartars were crushed for good. The Turks agreed to sign the Treaty of Belgrade in 1709, keeping Bosnia and the city where the treaty was signed but granting independence to the rest of traditional Hungarian "Crown Lands of St. Stephen" under the Esterhazy dynasty; they also granted independence to Wallachia-Moldavia under Kantemir, who indeed became a Polish vassal. Yedisan went to Poland, which thus gained access to the Black Sea. Russia annexed the Crimean Khanate. Venice gained Morea and Crete, both of which it secured back in 1707. Spain got to keep Algeria and Tunisia, and by a separate agreement with the Knights of Malta acquired the status of protector over the island after hinting that it might "protect" Malta whether they want it or not anyway, surrounding it as it was.
Europe entered the Age of Reaction in a state of uneasiness and discomfort caused by the immense chaos of the recent war. The first stage of the Age of Reaction was characterized by a generally slow pace of technologic development (that picked up in 1710s), rebuilding efforts in Western and Central Europes and growth of tensions that eventually exploded in early 18th century. It would, however, not be 100% correct to say that the late 17th century was a time of the calm before the storm. It was before the storm alright - but it wasn't calm.
For start, two dramatic events happened in 1690s, one in England and Dutch Republic and other in Russia.
First event begun when, in 1693, William of Orange, the stadholder of the Dutch Republic, has died from old wounds and, more importantly, stress, for without a common foe, the United Provinces faced crisis after crisis, as regionalism grew and as, more importantly, the States General once more begun to antagonize the stadholder, seeking to curtail his power. His death begun the Second Stadholderless Period, during which the States General ruled the country. Quickly, the inefficiency and corruption of this new oligarchy became clear. This, his immense popularity amongst the Dutch and the fact that it was increasingly obvious to the Dutch people that the commerce by which they lived was dependant on English goodwill, caused the king of England to intervenne. This king was James III (OTL Duke of Monmouth, who in this world overthrew his less popular brother James II in 1686), who indeed was popular amongst the Dutch, having commanded an English expeditionary force in Netherlands during the Holy Roman War. The opposition party in the States General and several provincial assemblies promised support for James III, advancing once more the old idea of uniting England and the Dutch Republic into one, something that was by now inevitable due to the rising English economic dominance in the Dutch Republic and its colonies.
A pretext was soon found. To repay the war debts, James III raised tariffs on Dutch goods. Upon complaints, he suggested that they could be lowered even further than they were before... if a personal union of Netherlands and England is declared, and he is crowned the king of the Dutch, while the States General will keep their priveleges and even some power. Outraged, the States General refused... and soon, the people of the Hague rose up in the streets, incited by oppositionist leaders, while the provincial leaders, including the rising force of the Amsterdam bourgoise, officially invited James III to accepted the new Dutch crown... if he accepts certain "conditions". The Conditions later evolved further and became the primary law of the new United Kingdom of Britain and Holland (in this world, the word "Conditions" is used instead of "constitution"). Anyway, James III arrived on a white horse and with a small army to the Hague soon after, assisted by the defecting army. The States General soon surrendered, also accepting the Conditions. England - now in union with Scotland and Ireland under the name of Britain - was thus also united by another union with the Kingdom of Holland (including all of the Dutch Republic), although both Britain and Holland retained separate legal systems and "parliaments" (in Dutch case, a much-reformed States General) for now. This also resulted in the creation of a grand commercial-colonial empire abroad, as Dutch and British possessions were integrated. The UK was definitely a hegemon power... for now.
The other event was young tsar Peter's coming of age in Russia, in 1689, and the civil war that soon ensued. At the time, two court factions named for the powerful noble houses that supported them - the Naryshkins and the Miloslavskys respectively - were vying for predominance in Russia, as the Romanov dynasty, after some promising beginnings, seemed to be doomed to fall (as, indeed, it was). The Naryshkins supported tsar Peter as he reasserted his power, while the Miloslavskys supported his sister and former regent, Sophia, and the head of the posolskiy prikaz, Golitsyn, who by then also became the keeper of the great seal as they, in 1690, launched a coup d'etat to return to power, marching from the fortress city of Tula.
The Naryshkinist cause was doomed from the start, being supported only by parts of the army, the pro-Naryshkin parts of the nobility and the clergy and, passively, by the peasantry. Apart from two brigades of German mercenaries, all foreigners supported Golitsyn, and so did the merchants and the craftsmen. The troops loyal to Golitsyn were also the best-armed and the most-experienced. Still, Peter skilfully controlled the defenses of Moscow, defeating the Miloslavskist forces at Lyubertsy. This caused Golitsyn to reform his army and to modernize the streltsy into a more efficient fighting force, which was grudgingly accepted by them. Furthermore, he used this opportunity to activate his contacts with the merchants, who then organized rebellions in Novgorod and Arkhangelsk, forcing Peter to fight a two-front war. The Naryshkins tried to start a rebellion of their own in the Volga region, but it was defetated.
In 1691, a renewed assault on Moscow brought it on the edge of collapse, and Peter with a few loyal forces fought his way out of it, trying to get refuge in Poland. The Poles, interested in an alliance with Russia as they were, allowed him in... and then delivered him to the Miloslavskists. Refusing to abdicate, Peter took poison. Soon after, the Naryshkins - those of them that weren't captured or killed by Miloslavskist assassins - fled to the Sublime Porte. A zemsky sobor was once more assembled, and the "best men of Russia" decided, after some bribes, to declare Sophia tsarina Sophia I of Russia. The idiot co-tsar of Peter, Ivan V, who was ignored by everyone during the whole affair, was sent to a covenant upon his own request. All that was now needed was a husband for Sophia.
Such a husband was found surprisingly quickly. It was Vasiliy Vasilyevich Golitsyn, naturally. Albeit it was possible for Sophia to retain her last name of Romanov in theory, she did not decide so, declaring the house of Romanov, crippled by strife and unpopular, defunct. The House of Golitsyn-Romanov emerged instead, popularily reffered to as the House of Golitsyn. This caused an alarm in Poland (as the Golitsyns were the most senior branch of the Gedyminyanids alive, and thus had a claim on Lithuania), but the grateful Golitsyn, who too believed that Poland and Russia should be allies, agreed to renounce all and any claims on lands still held by Poland. In 1693, a half-hearted second rebellion took place led by some of the Naryshkins, but it too was defeated. The Romanov era was over; the Golitsyn one was beginning. Western specialists were invited in large amounts. The army was further improved. Religious tolerance was proclaimed (apart from the Muslims for now), and steps were taken to slowly emancipate the serfs (that caused a third coup attempt in 1699, but that too was defeated; nonetheless, the speed of those changes wasn't necessarily a good thing, as Russian government and Russian people were increasingly alienated from each other, and as dissatisfaction with the radical reforms grew).
Europe indeed was undergoing a period of self-strenghthening of several important powers. UK and the rapidly-westernizing Russia aside, Sweden was at the time integrating its new gains and undergoing a period of "absolutization" at home, as the Diet lost much power. Larger German states swallowed up lesser ones. Bohemia underwent further democratization, as the "citizen militias" were being trained for the event of an invasion (as many German states were eyeing it greedily). In Poland, Jan Sobieski querreled with his nobles and tried to absolutize it as well, with limited successes so far. Burgundy, whose first King Charles I (formerly Elector Palatine Johann Wilhelm II) has converted to Catholicism (which is how he changed his name to something more acceptable for most of his subjects, not to mention with historic references to Charlemagne and Charles the Bold) and confirmed a policy of religious tolerance, while encouraging protoindustrial development. Spain, now ruled by Jose I (former Josef, one of the few Austrian Habsburgs that escaped to Spain and the adopted heir of Charles II of Spain who died in 1692 in ATL), was undergoing a renaissance of its power as his talented first minister, Luis Oliviemeda, succesfully played the provincial grandees and regionalists off against each other, allowing Jose to centralize his country in spite of a revolt in Andalusia that this caused. Colonial administration was likewise reformed, and the Inquisition was restrained. Spain was recovering from its sickness, and now eyed the Mediterranean... while across it, the Ottomans solidified their hold on the North African lands and rebuilt their armies. France was thus a notable exception - all the money that wasn't stolen by the buerocrats was going to assist the war effort, as the French government was in a de facto perpetual state of war with its own people at the time, with constant rebellions and reprisals. Often, France had to rely on foreign intervention of all of its neighbours (all of them because neither trusted the others enough).
France aside, the main sphere of tensions now was the Mediterranean, and indeed the territory of the Ottoman Empire. The Holy Alliance was finally formed in 1702 - it was an alliance of Spain, the Knights of Malta, Venice, Poland and Russia, aimed against the Turks. Attempts to win Bavaria over to their side failed, and it was decided to try and incite a rebellion in Hungary instead. The Turkish rule there was quite unpopular; soldiers that participated in the Holy Roman War were granted fiefs there, but not inheritable ones, and so they didn't care much about long-term situation. Attempts to rectify this situation came too late - the Hungarians hated the Turks passionately by now.
In 1704, Pal Esterhazy started a great Hungarian rebellion, defeating Turks at Cegled. Soon enough, this translated into the War of the Holy Alliance, as its member countries supported Esterhazy. The Turks found no allies - Sweden was more interested in Germany, France was in ruins and the UK didn't care much about what happens in the Mediterranean. Still, they soldiered on, hoping to at least keep a part of Hungary. Albeit the Turks and their Tartar allies managed to defeat a Russian army at Kalchik and even retook Azov in 1706, while their fleet defeated the Venetian one at Cephalonia, apart from that, they had to face disaster after disaster. Polish and Hungarian forces linked up quikcly at Crisul Alb and crushed the Turks in Transylvania in a series of battles; this caused another rebellion, this time in Romania where Dimitrie Kantemir agreed to become the leader of a Polish vassal state. Meanwhile, Russian forces, in spite of a new Turkish-incited pro-Miloslavsky rebellion in their rear, retook Azov and in a desperate battle advanced across the Perekop under the brilliant general Nikita Antufyev (as in OTL, a serf turned nobleman and the founder of a noble house (though unlike in OTL, he didn't change his last name to Demidov), and in ATL, a military commander since an accident of the civil war in 1690s), thus for the first time in many decades penetrating Crimea itself succesfully. Venetian and Spanish fleets then defeated the barely-rebuilt Turkish one at Malta which it once more tried to seize, and in 1707 Spain begun to take over the Barbary Coast states. Same tactics as in the war with France were used: bombships devastated Oran, Algiers and Tunis, while maritime infantry moved in to take over these and some lesser cities (this time, unlike in the Holy Roman War, being to used to take AND hold the cities in question). Venetian attempt to conquer Egypt failed badly, but by then, Jan Sobieski already crossed the Danube, while the Crimean Tartars were crushed for good. The Turks agreed to sign the Treaty of Belgrade in 1709, keeping Bosnia and the city where the treaty was signed but granting independence to the rest of traditional Hungarian "Crown Lands of St. Stephen" under the Esterhazy dynasty; they also granted independence to Wallachia-Moldavia under Kantemir, who indeed became a Polish vassal. Yedisan went to Poland, which thus gained access to the Black Sea. Russia annexed the Crimean Khanate. Venice gained Morea and Crete, both of which it secured back in 1707. Spain got to keep Algeria and Tunisia, and by a separate agreement with the Knights of Malta acquired the status of protector over the island after hinting that it might "protect" Malta whether they want it or not anyway, surrounding it as it was.
das
Regeneration In Process
The Holy Alliance might in theory have continued fighting, possibly even making some more gains (albeit probably not much - their logistics were in disorder, and the Turks were effectively pushed back to a more defensible position). However, by then some of its members - namely, Poland and Russia - were distracted by Swedish activity in Germany. Charles XII (who is quite different from the OTL version, being born long after the PoD - he still is ambitious and reckless (not as much as in OTL, though), but due to physical weakness, is more of a "spider king") seeked to consolidate Swedish predominance in north Germany, directly or through puppets and allies. At first, he tried to negotiate an alliance and a partition of Germany into spheres of interest with his Wittelsbach relatives in Burgundy and Bavaria, but, for various stated (religion, pacifism) and common real (interests of state, fear of Sweden, belief that Germany should remain as disunited as possible until we're ready to unite it ourselves) reasons, they refused. His devious mind then turned towards an unlikely ally - Elector Friedrich III of Brandenburg. He was bitter over the loss of Brandenburger Pommerania and over the damage caused in his country by the Swedes, but Charles managed to persuade him that Poland was a bigger evil. Friedrich III seeked to acquire for himself a greater status, even if a nominal one, and finally was persuaded by Charles XII to ally with Sweden, receive Brandenburger Pommerania back and support the Swedes in taking over the much more valuable Mecklenburg. It didn't take much time for the Swedes to conquer the duchy, and their plan moved on to the next stage. Friedrich III was to become the nominal leader of a rebuilt German Empire (a re-named and shrunken (lost Bohemia and the Burgundian territories, but notably not the Swedish territories that were to be separately declared in "personal union" with Sweden, thus giving Charles XII an obscene amount of votes) Holy Roman Empire), just like his father was meant to be. German leaders great and small (or their representatives if they couldn't come themselves) were assembled in the free city of Erfurt to discuss the "matter of the Empire", in 1706. A few central German minors agreed to the Swedish plan, but the rest naturally refused this outright, not even as much out of distrust for Sweden or Brandenburg as out of the same old belief about the need for a balkanized Germany outside of anyone's influence. Some wanted to unite it themselves, most wanted to keep the status quo. The most ardent opponent of the Empire was the elector of Brunswick, Georg Ludwig, who ironically enough was a Welf, thus maintaing the medieval tradition of opposing centralized Imperial power. He threatened the Swedes with war; the thought of the "Northern Menace" never left his mind, and when visiting one of his border fortresses, he was said to exclaim: "From here we shall threaten the Swede, to the woe of our arrogant neighbour!"
The Swede wasn't very happy about that. For the moment it seemed that the Holy Alliance has bogged down in Turkish territory for good. Charles XII decided that there would be no better opportunity for this - Poland and Russia were almost certain to oppose such an action, and it was best to act before they free themselves up. Swedish and Brandenburger diplomats pressed the issue further, while their respective armies were being prepared for battle. Brunswick then demanded that the Swedes withdraw from Mecklenburg. Georg Ludwig, who was a very shrewd diplomat apart from his obsession with the "Northern Menace", managed to forge a large coalition of German states (including Bavaria) and get assurances from Poland and Burgundy of their support at later stages. Negotiations with UK didn't go as well, but even then, many voices in the UK Parliament sounded out against Sweden and for the restoration of Denmark-Norway.
Undeterred, Swedish and Brandenburger forces set out to impose their Erfurt proposal in 1707, in the First German War. It was - quite rightfully - believed that crushing Brunswick and Bavaria will be enough to achieve this. Problematically, Central Germany through which any attack to Bavaria was to go was split up between many tiny states of various loyalties, but mostly pro-Brunswick. Most of those states had at least one old castle and a small army; they were no threat at all, but fighting all the way through their lands... will take some time. After all, there was a lot of them. A much more ambitious option was in Bohemia. Its rulers could probably be bribed, and if not, they could be intimidated. It worked in Bremen and Lubeck, so why not here? And besides, Bohemia had no serious army - just some militias. Peasants are no match for a disciplined fighting force, much less for TWO disciplined fighting forces. Having broken through Bohemia, said forces would invade Austria, advance westwards across the Rhine... and take out Bavaria.
As it was, the Bohemians refused to let the Swedo-Brandenburger forces pass, and thus had to defend themselves. The Bohemian militias were predictably routed at Jungbunzlau, and again just outside of Prague. The Bohemian parliament fled to Brno in panic. And soon, Friedrich III and his army were besieging Vienna. It was then that worried reports from Bohemia begun to come in. As the parliament was confused and increasingly impotent, a local national leader took matters into his own hands. That leader was Frantisek Kvarinsky, who reorganized the militias and waged a well-planned guerrila campaign, virtually eliminating the insufficiently-defended Swedo-Brandenburger supply route. Soon enough, Friedrich and his forces came under Bavarian attack, but repelled it; still, it was now obvious even to Friedrich that he had no chances here. He begun a retreat, fighting his way towards Prague, where his garrisons still barely held out. That was in late 1708; by then, the other Swedish plan was foiled as well. The attack on Brunswick was faced by German forces and eventually defeated at Hannover; the Swedes retreated to the Aller.
But the war wasn't yet over. More forces were sent to the task of subduing Germany, and on August 19th 1709 the city of Brunswick itself was captured. Georg Ludwig fled for Kassel. It was there that he received the good news from Belgrade. Poland and Russia were now ready to attack Sweden as well. Burgundian armies also set out to defend Kassel from Swedish forces, crushing the largest of Swedish allies in Central Germany in the process, Nassau (after the capitulation and annexation of which the rest of Swedish allies apart from Brandenburg itself surrendered). Charles XII's plans were clearly thwarted.
And so, Polish armies decisively crushed and captured Friedrich III at Prague. Brief attempts to turn Bohemia into another vassal state failed, but this wasn't very crucial for Jan Sobieski as he was more interested in weakening Sweden and Brandenburg. So from Bohemia, Silesia AND Posen, Poles then struck out for Berlin, forcing Friedrich's ministers to sign a peace treaty for him, dethroning him and replacing him with his infant son, Friedrich IV. Brandenburg then switched sides. In the east, Tsar Vasily, or Basil, II of Russia once more took personal command, and defeated the Swedish garrison of Noteborg, in Ingria. Meanwhile, Swedish forces won the battle at Osnabruck, proving that the economic might of Burgundy alone isn't really a substitute for military power (something immediately taken into account). Charles XII realized that his plans were, for now at least, foiled, and thus decided to hold on to Brunswick as a bargaining chip.
Fighting went on towards 1712, but Swedes held strong, defeating the Polish fleet at Bornholm and the Polono-German attacks, though retaking most of Brunswick, failed to dislodge the Swedes from Mecklenburg. Finally, a compromise peace was signed in Berlin. Brandenburg kept its share of Pommerania, but had to grant independence to Saxony, which became a buffer state between it and Bohemia, while East Prussia was annexed by Poland. Russia got to keep Ingria, where the city of Narvensk was built, to eventually, decades later, challenge the predominance of Arkhangelsk as the center of Russian trade with Europe. Sweden kept Mecklenburg, though. That, and the neutrality and independence of Bohemia were internationally guaranteed.
From then, begun the phase of preparing for the next war. Sweden and Turkey once more saw common interest, and a secret alliance was negotiated. Full-scale military reforms in Turkey were enacted, and the fleet was once more rebuilt, with the help of emigre French engineers. UK, meanwhile, has finally made up its mind and decided not to get involved in Europe - by then, the sudden and radical revival of Spain as a great power was a much more important concern.
Outside of Europe, life went on and colonial powers strenghthened their grasp. In the Americas, both the UK and Spain (which, if you have forgotten, includes Portugal and its colonies) consolidated their gains and expanded; the UK in particular encountered serious resistance, as French colonists led by one Rene Lesage started a serious rebellion in Acadia and Canada, backed by some Amerind tribes. Eventually, this was crushed and French colonists deported, many of them fleeing west, so inadvertly, the British have contributed much to the rise of the Metis people in central North America. Spain, for its part, had to deal with less serious rebellions in Portuguese Brazil that were also put down ruthlessly. Another rebellion, this one by the native peoples of America, pushed the Spanish out of New Mexico, which too was eventually reconquered. Spanish colonial authorities had authorized expeditions from Florida and Cuba to the Mississippi, eventually resulting in the foundation of Nuevo Habana (OTL New Orleans).
A sudden newcomer (well, sortof - as they did for a while involve themselves in early colonization of North America) to colonial race was Sweden, which took over the Danish (Greenland, Danish Virgin Islands, a trade post in the Gold Coast) and the Brandenburger (two trade posts in the Gold Coast) colonies back during the Holy Roman War. Until now, those colonies were rather neglected, but with the truce in Germany, Charles XII decided to invest somewhat into this potential source of income further, setting up two more trade posts in the Gold Coast. Neither the UK nor Spain took much note of this.
Apart from the Swedes, Africa too was a battlefield of Spain and the United Kingdom. The Spanish have built up on their success in Algiers and Tunisia, having invaded in 1714 and conquered Morocco by 1720 on the pretext of overthrowing the tyrannic rule of Ismail (whose exact title I'm yet to find - which was probably another reason for the Spanish invasion), who has also turned out to have assisted Conde (in OTL, he assisted Louis XIV; he did it mostly to make life more difficult for the Spanish, and Conde was a godsend in that regard ITTL) in the past. Ismail's formidable black army held the Spanish at bay for a long time, but negotiations for British help didn't come to anything - the British had better things to do at the time (see below) - and the Spanish just kept coming, so eventually Morocco was subdued. The heavy price paid by the Spanish there however persuaded them to take a more diplomatic approach from now on, strenghthening their influence in East Africa thusly.
By then, the histories of India, China, East Indies and Indochina were also affected by the European events. In East Indies, the new UK was quickly solidifiying its power, which on the other hand meant that it didn't invest quite as much resources into India as in OTL. Thus, when back in 1685 the Mughals resolved to push the English merchants out of Surat, they succeeded. They succeeded in making the UK an enemy. The English attempt to found a trade post at Calcutta was also blocked by Emperor Aurangzeb, and from then on, there could be no reconciliation. The Anglo-Dutch East Indies Company has decided to formally support the Marathas, led by Sambhaji (who wasn't captured by the Mughals as in OTL), and later by Shahu. With British advisors and weapons, the Marathas have fought back the Mughal pressure, making the Vindhya range the northern border of the Marathas. Rajput rebels made life even more difficult for Auraganzeb, as did Afghan raids. The Mughal emperor died fighting the Marathas at Ujjain in 1703, and his realm disintegrated soon afterwards.
Siam at the time has also evolved rather differently from OTL. Albeit France was crippled, Constantine Phaulkon, the Greek adventurer on the French payroll who became the Siamese prime minister, remained there, and the absence of French garrisons in Siamese cities meant that the anti-French faction didn't have as much support. King Narai lived longer with less disappointment in his life, and generally, Siam continued to modernize, even getting a small share of the French emigres. The strenghthening of Siam, a power clearly hostile to UK, resulted in Myanmar allying with said UK.
As for China... The more succesful Crimean campaign of Golitsyn resulted in a longer border war and in a treaty of Nerchinsky in 1693, not quite as favorable for the Russians as in OTL (less trading concessions). The Chinese forces nonetheless didn't do as well against the northern barbarians as one might have expected of them, and thus the experience of the Amur Campaign was taken into account. The more battle-hardened Chinese forces managed to defeat the Dzungars at Lhasa in 1718, establishing a protectorate over Tibet. The armies of Emperor Kangxi pressed on to further devastate the Dzungars and to open the path for an earlier Chinese domination in the east of Central Asia.
In the sphere of culture, the devastation of France has ironically led to the strenghthening of French cultural influence abroad. French quickly became the language of the aristocrats as far east as Russia. French emigres were held in high esteem, and they became yet another of the many links between various European countries. All this, in turn, has resulted in even faster technologic development...
At the same time when Isaac Newton, Gottfried von Leibniz and many others were creating the scientific revolution, the industrial one was also beginning, and it was spearheaded by the French as well. Denis Papin, working in Britain, invented the first steam engine since Heron's aeolipile in 1700. Another French emigre, Charles Beaufort, also remembered about Heron and wrote much about his inventions. In time, he would become the ideologue of the Industrial Revolution. Those two inspired a third French emigre, or rather a son of a French emigre and a Polish noblewoman, Adam de Biran. He served in the Polish army during the War of the Holy Alliance and the First German War, oddly enough for a nobleman in the engineering corps, upon his own request. Jan Sobieski (who, if I forgot to mention it, died only in 1714 in this world due to a generally less disappointing life and with the feeling of having accomplished much) has also adopted many Condean military ideas, and was said to be quite concerned by the fact that, in spite of fairly good roads that were built for the logistical purposes, the horses with the supplies still travelled rather slowly (he noted that back in 1705, during the most crucial stage of the Transylvania Campaign). Besides, some disease at the time killed many good horses in the Polish supply department... or were they poisoned? It was Adam de Biran who suddenly got a brilliant idea while reading an account of Denis Papin's invention, written by Charles Beaufort... and realized that, if taken further, the steam engine could be used to power supply carts, or even some sort of wagenbergs, like in the Hussite wars! Most people back then were sceptical about it, but finally, the Academy of Cracow agreed to support Adam de Biran. And the steam-powered wheel of history moved on, crushing innocent and not-so-innocent bystanders alike...
The Swede wasn't very happy about that. For the moment it seemed that the Holy Alliance has bogged down in Turkish territory for good. Charles XII decided that there would be no better opportunity for this - Poland and Russia were almost certain to oppose such an action, and it was best to act before they free themselves up. Swedish and Brandenburger diplomats pressed the issue further, while their respective armies were being prepared for battle. Brunswick then demanded that the Swedes withdraw from Mecklenburg. Georg Ludwig, who was a very shrewd diplomat apart from his obsession with the "Northern Menace", managed to forge a large coalition of German states (including Bavaria) and get assurances from Poland and Burgundy of their support at later stages. Negotiations with UK didn't go as well, but even then, many voices in the UK Parliament sounded out against Sweden and for the restoration of Denmark-Norway.
Undeterred, Swedish and Brandenburger forces set out to impose their Erfurt proposal in 1707, in the First German War. It was - quite rightfully - believed that crushing Brunswick and Bavaria will be enough to achieve this. Problematically, Central Germany through which any attack to Bavaria was to go was split up between many tiny states of various loyalties, but mostly pro-Brunswick. Most of those states had at least one old castle and a small army; they were no threat at all, but fighting all the way through their lands... will take some time. After all, there was a lot of them. A much more ambitious option was in Bohemia. Its rulers could probably be bribed, and if not, they could be intimidated. It worked in Bremen and Lubeck, so why not here? And besides, Bohemia had no serious army - just some militias. Peasants are no match for a disciplined fighting force, much less for TWO disciplined fighting forces. Having broken through Bohemia, said forces would invade Austria, advance westwards across the Rhine... and take out Bavaria.
As it was, the Bohemians refused to let the Swedo-Brandenburger forces pass, and thus had to defend themselves. The Bohemian militias were predictably routed at Jungbunzlau, and again just outside of Prague. The Bohemian parliament fled to Brno in panic. And soon, Friedrich III and his army were besieging Vienna. It was then that worried reports from Bohemia begun to come in. As the parliament was confused and increasingly impotent, a local national leader took matters into his own hands. That leader was Frantisek Kvarinsky, who reorganized the militias and waged a well-planned guerrila campaign, virtually eliminating the insufficiently-defended Swedo-Brandenburger supply route. Soon enough, Friedrich and his forces came under Bavarian attack, but repelled it; still, it was now obvious even to Friedrich that he had no chances here. He begun a retreat, fighting his way towards Prague, where his garrisons still barely held out. That was in late 1708; by then, the other Swedish plan was foiled as well. The attack on Brunswick was faced by German forces and eventually defeated at Hannover; the Swedes retreated to the Aller.
But the war wasn't yet over. More forces were sent to the task of subduing Germany, and on August 19th 1709 the city of Brunswick itself was captured. Georg Ludwig fled for Kassel. It was there that he received the good news from Belgrade. Poland and Russia were now ready to attack Sweden as well. Burgundian armies also set out to defend Kassel from Swedish forces, crushing the largest of Swedish allies in Central Germany in the process, Nassau (after the capitulation and annexation of which the rest of Swedish allies apart from Brandenburg itself surrendered). Charles XII's plans were clearly thwarted.
And so, Polish armies decisively crushed and captured Friedrich III at Prague. Brief attempts to turn Bohemia into another vassal state failed, but this wasn't very crucial for Jan Sobieski as he was more interested in weakening Sweden and Brandenburg. So from Bohemia, Silesia AND Posen, Poles then struck out for Berlin, forcing Friedrich's ministers to sign a peace treaty for him, dethroning him and replacing him with his infant son, Friedrich IV. Brandenburg then switched sides. In the east, Tsar Vasily, or Basil, II of Russia once more took personal command, and defeated the Swedish garrison of Noteborg, in Ingria. Meanwhile, Swedish forces won the battle at Osnabruck, proving that the economic might of Burgundy alone isn't really a substitute for military power (something immediately taken into account). Charles XII realized that his plans were, for now at least, foiled, and thus decided to hold on to Brunswick as a bargaining chip.
Fighting went on towards 1712, but Swedes held strong, defeating the Polish fleet at Bornholm and the Polono-German attacks, though retaking most of Brunswick, failed to dislodge the Swedes from Mecklenburg. Finally, a compromise peace was signed in Berlin. Brandenburg kept its share of Pommerania, but had to grant independence to Saxony, which became a buffer state between it and Bohemia, while East Prussia was annexed by Poland. Russia got to keep Ingria, where the city of Narvensk was built, to eventually, decades later, challenge the predominance of Arkhangelsk as the center of Russian trade with Europe. Sweden kept Mecklenburg, though. That, and the neutrality and independence of Bohemia were internationally guaranteed.
From then, begun the phase of preparing for the next war. Sweden and Turkey once more saw common interest, and a secret alliance was negotiated. Full-scale military reforms in Turkey were enacted, and the fleet was once more rebuilt, with the help of emigre French engineers. UK, meanwhile, has finally made up its mind and decided not to get involved in Europe - by then, the sudden and radical revival of Spain as a great power was a much more important concern.
Outside of Europe, life went on and colonial powers strenghthened their grasp. In the Americas, both the UK and Spain (which, if you have forgotten, includes Portugal and its colonies) consolidated their gains and expanded; the UK in particular encountered serious resistance, as French colonists led by one Rene Lesage started a serious rebellion in Acadia and Canada, backed by some Amerind tribes. Eventually, this was crushed and French colonists deported, many of them fleeing west, so inadvertly, the British have contributed much to the rise of the Metis people in central North America. Spain, for its part, had to deal with less serious rebellions in Portuguese Brazil that were also put down ruthlessly. Another rebellion, this one by the native peoples of America, pushed the Spanish out of New Mexico, which too was eventually reconquered. Spanish colonial authorities had authorized expeditions from Florida and Cuba to the Mississippi, eventually resulting in the foundation of Nuevo Habana (OTL New Orleans).
A sudden newcomer (well, sortof - as they did for a while involve themselves in early colonization of North America) to colonial race was Sweden, which took over the Danish (Greenland, Danish Virgin Islands, a trade post in the Gold Coast) and the Brandenburger (two trade posts in the Gold Coast) colonies back during the Holy Roman War. Until now, those colonies were rather neglected, but with the truce in Germany, Charles XII decided to invest somewhat into this potential source of income further, setting up two more trade posts in the Gold Coast. Neither the UK nor Spain took much note of this.
Apart from the Swedes, Africa too was a battlefield of Spain and the United Kingdom. The Spanish have built up on their success in Algiers and Tunisia, having invaded in 1714 and conquered Morocco by 1720 on the pretext of overthrowing the tyrannic rule of Ismail (whose exact title I'm yet to find - which was probably another reason for the Spanish invasion), who has also turned out to have assisted Conde (in OTL, he assisted Louis XIV; he did it mostly to make life more difficult for the Spanish, and Conde was a godsend in that regard ITTL) in the past. Ismail's formidable black army held the Spanish at bay for a long time, but negotiations for British help didn't come to anything - the British had better things to do at the time (see below) - and the Spanish just kept coming, so eventually Morocco was subdued. The heavy price paid by the Spanish there however persuaded them to take a more diplomatic approach from now on, strenghthening their influence in East Africa thusly.
By then, the histories of India, China, East Indies and Indochina were also affected by the European events. In East Indies, the new UK was quickly solidifiying its power, which on the other hand meant that it didn't invest quite as much resources into India as in OTL. Thus, when back in 1685 the Mughals resolved to push the English merchants out of Surat, they succeeded. They succeeded in making the UK an enemy. The English attempt to found a trade post at Calcutta was also blocked by Emperor Aurangzeb, and from then on, there could be no reconciliation. The Anglo-Dutch East Indies Company has decided to formally support the Marathas, led by Sambhaji (who wasn't captured by the Mughals as in OTL), and later by Shahu. With British advisors and weapons, the Marathas have fought back the Mughal pressure, making the Vindhya range the northern border of the Marathas. Rajput rebels made life even more difficult for Auraganzeb, as did Afghan raids. The Mughal emperor died fighting the Marathas at Ujjain in 1703, and his realm disintegrated soon afterwards.
Siam at the time has also evolved rather differently from OTL. Albeit France was crippled, Constantine Phaulkon, the Greek adventurer on the French payroll who became the Siamese prime minister, remained there, and the absence of French garrisons in Siamese cities meant that the anti-French faction didn't have as much support. King Narai lived longer with less disappointment in his life, and generally, Siam continued to modernize, even getting a small share of the French emigres. The strenghthening of Siam, a power clearly hostile to UK, resulted in Myanmar allying with said UK.
As for China... The more succesful Crimean campaign of Golitsyn resulted in a longer border war and in a treaty of Nerchinsky in 1693, not quite as favorable for the Russians as in OTL (less trading concessions). The Chinese forces nonetheless didn't do as well against the northern barbarians as one might have expected of them, and thus the experience of the Amur Campaign was taken into account. The more battle-hardened Chinese forces managed to defeat the Dzungars at Lhasa in 1718, establishing a protectorate over Tibet. The armies of Emperor Kangxi pressed on to further devastate the Dzungars and to open the path for an earlier Chinese domination in the east of Central Asia.
In the sphere of culture, the devastation of France has ironically led to the strenghthening of French cultural influence abroad. French quickly became the language of the aristocrats as far east as Russia. French emigres were held in high esteem, and they became yet another of the many links between various European countries. All this, in turn, has resulted in even faster technologic development...
At the same time when Isaac Newton, Gottfried von Leibniz and many others were creating the scientific revolution, the industrial one was also beginning, and it was spearheaded by the French as well. Denis Papin, working in Britain, invented the first steam engine since Heron's aeolipile in 1700. Another French emigre, Charles Beaufort, also remembered about Heron and wrote much about his inventions. In time, he would become the ideologue of the Industrial Revolution. Those two inspired a third French emigre, or rather a son of a French emigre and a Polish noblewoman, Adam de Biran. He served in the Polish army during the War of the Holy Alliance and the First German War, oddly enough for a nobleman in the engineering corps, upon his own request. Jan Sobieski (who, if I forgot to mention it, died only in 1714 in this world due to a generally less disappointing life and with the feeling of having accomplished much) has also adopted many Condean military ideas, and was said to be quite concerned by the fact that, in spite of fairly good roads that were built for the logistical purposes, the horses with the supplies still travelled rather slowly (he noted that back in 1705, during the most crucial stage of the Transylvania Campaign). Besides, some disease at the time killed many good horses in the Polish supply department... or were they poisoned? It was Adam de Biran who suddenly got a brilliant idea while reading an account of Denis Papin's invention, written by Charles Beaufort... and realized that, if taken further, the steam engine could be used to power supply carts, or even some sort of wagenbergs, like in the Hussite wars! Most people back then were sceptical about it, but finally, the Academy of Cracow agreed to support Adam de Biran. And the steam-powered wheel of history moved on, crushing innocent and not-so-innocent bystanders alike...
das
Regeneration In Process
"So that was what he was doing when he had no internet access yesterday!"
Insane_Panda
Deity
Yes! France shall still conquer the world! Culturally!
North King
blech
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das said:
*blinks* Which is which? Well, besides Moravia, I can figure that out. But Saxony?
Elaborate.
The big northern state is Rajaput in a way; it is the Cahamana kingdom, although by now the Rajaputs are only the ruling elite, and even then not completely. The pinkish state is the Kakatiya. The greenish state that you didn't mention is Kataka (named so for its capital). Bluish purple are the Palavas. Orangish, that you also didn't mention, are the Hoysalas. The state based in Ceylon are the Colas that moved their capital to an island to signify their maritime supremacy.
OK, most of those I have no beef with, but if the Cholas kept their capital at Tanjore for hundreds of years, even thought they controlled Sri Lanka and considerable Burmese territories, I doubt they would move it.
Do elaborate.
das
Regeneration In Process
The state in Germany, naturally. Should be obvious.
No Islam=No Caliphate=No Talas=Stronger Chinese influence in Central Asia. Tang Empire eventually overstretched itself and collapsed, but its influence remained. After the fall of China and Tibet the region was in a sort of a political vacuum, and the Mongol Wars prolonged that period. Still, as the Mongols concentrated on China after their defeat in the west, the local Sinified Turks and even a few descendants of Chinese soldiers founded the Chi Empire.
Some of the Turks defeated by the Chinese didn't surrender, and instead fled west, where they conquered the shaky Sassanid realm. Mongols ruined the first Turkish empire in Persia, but eventually, a clever Turk called Ergutl united most of the Persian warring states in the wake of the Byzantine intrusions in Mesopatamia and the creation of the Chi Empire.
They didn't hold Sri Lanka for long in OTL, and were not as strong on the sea in OTL. On the other hand, in OTL they didn't have to fight back a much stronger Palavan state (which they ruined in the process, but not before Tanjore was burned down).
And yes, I'm improvising here, partially anyway.
Stronger Cholas. Much more lasting Mongol menace - Mongols launched more expeditions to Java in this world, ruining Majapahit. Still, Bantam managed to pick up the ruins and since then kept the Mongols and the Cholas at bay thanks to a tactical alliance with the Khmers...
alex994
Hail Divine Emperor!
A few questions, are the Mongol/Yuan Emperors of China treating China as they did in the "glory" days of Yuan in OTL or were they all like Kublai Khan? Conditions, treatment, opinion, class structure (stupid Marco Polo became a governor because he was European...)and etc.
North King
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Insane_Panda
Deity
Something to do with Japan and the Imjin war? Taiko reforms?
North King
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Wrong timeline! 
das
Regeneration In Process
Unrevoked, the Edict of Nantes is. Although that might be just one of the PoD's sideffects, as its not far back enough in the past...
EDIT: The Habsburgs never came to power in Spain.
EDIT: The Habsburgs never came to power in Spain.
North King
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Wrong hemisphere, the last two. Like I said, it didn't have the effect you'd expect.
das
Regeneration In Process
More developed America still does fall to the Europeans?
North King
blech
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And this causes the Far East to look like that how?
(BIG HINT)
I suppose by Hemispheres I meant the conventional Western World and Eastern World. Panda was in the right region, at least.
(BIG HINT)
I suppose by Hemispheres I meant the conventional Western World and Eastern World. Panda was in the right region, at least.
das
Regeneration In Process
Easy. Spain takes over a much more developed America, presses on into the Pacific and scares Japan into opening up early, or rather never closing.
Herr Yi Sun-Sin jumped out of the window, fell on a field of knives and commited harakiri while choking on a peach.
alex994
Hail Divine Emperor!
Is that a Yuan or Ming China?
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