An Argument for Human Exceptionalism

I doubt that said grey parrot actually knew what he was saying. It was hardly a proper conversation, was it?
Actually, grey parrots have proven capable of understanding the actual meaning behind the words, being able to vocally recognise colours, objectives, numbers-of-objects, and so forth. Wiki has more information.

Certainly, they've been proven to be at least as intelligent as the average Scotsman, as little as that means. :mischief:
 
Why limit communication to speech?

I'd extend it to language, of which sign language is a part of, of course. Other animals can communicate, but they don't have true language. Koko isn't an exception, and her "language" lacked fundamental parts of true language such as arbitrariness, recursion, discreteness, productivity, etc. Apes even lack the ability to ask questions. Even with Koko, most of the claims of her "language" is her ability to use adjectives, nouns, and noun phrases, not complete sentences - that's not language! A vocabulary of 1000 signs does not mean a language. True language is unique to humans. Animal communication is not language.

carlosMM said:
As for your claim that animals can learn "a few signs" - the parrot I talked to knew more words and had better grammar than an average 3 year old.
No, imitation isn't grammar, and I highly, highly doubt that, considering that 3 year olds are essentially linguistic geniuses. That parrot can only repeat phrases it hears - a three year old can create grammatically consistent sentences which have never been uttered before.
 
I'd extend it to language, of which sign language is a part of, of course. Other animals can communicate, but they don't have true language. Koko isn't an exception, and her "language" lacked fundamental parts of true language such as arbitrariness, recursion, discreteness, productivity, etc. Apes even lack the ability to ask questions. A vocabulary of 400 signs does not mean a language. True language is unique to humans. Animal communication is not language.
Actually, that's pretty heavily debated- specimens like Sarah and Kanzi are believed to have been capable of basic syntax.

Until some other animal can design, construct, and then implement a firearm...yeah, its pretty absolute.
Not really- some animals are capable of basic tool-making, you're setting the bar at an arbitrary high point so as to enforce existing beliefs. You're still not illustrating that humans are fundamentally and objective exceptional.

And, again, a particular line of arbitrary argument which could just as easily be used to justify white supremacy. So... Yeah. Might want to reconsider that one.
 
you're setting the bar at an arbitrary high point so as to enforce existing beliefs.
Couldn't you make that criticism about every argument for human exceptionalism?
 
Actually, that's pretty heavily debated- specimens like Sarah and Kanzi are believed to have been capable of basic syntax.

That highly depends on what is claimed by "basic syntax" and certainly cannot be used as a definitive claim. How much of it is simply the scientists grasping? How complex is it, how many features unique to human language are those apes capable of? Simply gesturing signs in what can be interpreted in a coherent order isn't enough. Syntax is far more than merely having a subject, object, and verb within a phrase.
 
Couldn't you make that criticism about every argument for human exceptionalism?
I was hoping for one for which I couldn't, hence the thread. ;)

There have been some decent points made so far- Bill's points on the distinctions between human and animal speech and Perfection's points about meta-thought both seem like the basis of a decent argument- but there has been no satisfactory argument which provides them as a basis for moral exception.

That highly depends on what is claimed by "basic syntax" and certainly cannot be used as a definitive claim. How much of it is simply the scientists grasping? How complex is it, how many features unique to human language are those apes capable of? Simply gesturing signs in what can be interpreted in a coherent order isn't enough.
Therein lies the debate, and I would suggest that it sits at a rather higher level than we are capable of entertaining here. ;)

Although, for the record, in both cases mentioned the chimps were capable of comprehending syntax, and Sarah (and others) were capable of using it by arranging pictographic tokens in a meaningful order, including if-then-else statements.
 
I was hoping for one for which I couldn't, hence the thread. ;)
There is no such beast, because claiming that a distinction offered by somebody else is arbitrary is essentially the easy way out of any argument like this.
Traitorfish said:
Therein lies the debate, and I would suggest that it sits at a rather higher level than we are capable of entertaining here. ;)
Then what's the point of this thread?
 
Our exceptionalism goes as far as we will it. The individual human entertains himself by struggling through daily life and making interesting decisions. We are self-conscious protagonists and endlessly entertain ourselves. History is the world's longest-running reality show. We include other species as human on their ability to tell a story through their behavior. Both humans and animals fall out of favor and lose their "human" status as soon as the majority becomes bored with them.

Naturally, I am the most entertaining person I know.
 
There is no such beast, because claiming that a distinction offered by somebody else is arbitrary is essentially the easy way out of any argument like this.
Well, I could, yes, but I would like to think that I'm in possession of just enough integrity to avoid that. :confused:

Then what's the point of this thread?
It shouldn't be all that difficult to establish humans as fundamentally exceptional, if that's what people believe. It's not as if language is the only line of argument one could pursue.
 
We; -
- have instincts
- learn
- show-off
- mark our territory
- care for our community
- make our nests
- love
- reproduce
- look after our off-spring
- kill for food
- kill for defense

Some of the things that makes us exceptional are not things to be proud of

We;
- kill for pleasure/revenge, etc.
- kill because someone thinks differently to us
 
Well, I could, yes, but I would like to think that I'm in possession of just enough integrity to avoid that. :confused:
It's not a question of integrity, and I'm sorry I insinuated that. You don't think something is a definitive proof that someone else does, and the line is drawn there because you consider it to be arbitrary. It's just differing perceptions I guess? I mean, this isn't a thread for moral relativism or anything (and I'm not advocating it, either), but even if there are moral truths of some kind, how do you go about proving them to people?
Traitorfish said:
It shouldn't be all that difficult to establish humans as fundamentally exceptional, if that's what people believe. It's not as if language is the only line of argument one could pursue.
Well, I mean, why have a thread if a perfectly good line of inquiry is rejected on the grounds that it might be too intellectually challenging for Internet fools like ourselves to handle?
 
Not really- some animals are capable of basic tool-making, you're setting the bar at an arbitrary high point so as to enforce existing beliefs.

And I think your setting it at an arbitrarily low point as to enforce your own.

Humans are advanced enough to be able to go to space and leave the planet. I dont know how much more exceptional you need to get.

You're still not illustrating that humans are fundamentally and objective exceptional.

Not if your going to equate using a stick to eat ants with complex engineering problems. You may as well say we arent exceptional because we are a carbon based lifeform like all the rest. :rolleyes:

And, again, a particular line of arbitrary argument which could just as easily be used to justify white supremacy. So... Yeah. Might want to reconsider that one.

Errrrr. Huh? :crazyeye:
 
It's not a question of integrity, and I'm sorry I insinuated that. You don't think something is a definitive proof that someone else does, and the line is drawn there because you consider it to be arbitrary. It's just differing perceptions I guess? I mean, this isn't a thread for moral relativism or anything (and I'm not advocating it, either), but even if there are moral truths of some kind, how do you go about proving them to people?
Well, I'm not suggesting that I, personally, have to be convinced by an argument for it to be valid, simply that it should be coherent and reasonable. Observing that certain delineations are arbitrary- or, at least, will be arbitrary until they are established to have a more objective basis- doesn't imply that all arguments are arbitrary.

Well, I mean, why have a thread if a perfectly good line of inquiry is rejected on the grounds that it might be too intellectually challenging for Internet fools like ourselves to handle?
I simply meant that the facts are not clear in regards to the particular issue of Great Ape language, so it's not an effective argument to pursue. That doesn't, however, imply that it is the only possible argument, or that other lines of argument are rendered hopeless by discussion- Perfection's points about meta-thought, for example, seem to invite some further exploration.

And I think your setting it at an arbitrarily low point as to enforce your own.
I'm not sure that the presence of sentience is an arbitrary delineation; perhaps my reasons for selecting it may be, but I feel that I have explained them in some detail elsewhere. (I assume this is the "low point" which you reference, given that I have made no particular arguments of my own in this thread.)

Humans are advanced enough to be able to go to space and leave the planet. I dont know how much more exceptional you need to get.
"Exceptional" in the sense of being objectively and fundamentally distinct from all other life-forms, not in simply being unique.

Not if your going to equate using a stick to eat ants with complex engineering problems. You may as well say we arent exceptional because we are a carbon based lifeform like all the rest. :rolleyes:
I'm not "equating" the two, simply observing that they exist as two points on a continuum. One could certainly argue that the intentional working of tools, rather than merely using existing objects as tools, represents some basic distinction, but one would have to take into account that such habits greatly pre-date modern man, and that it is possible for certain animals to be trained in such tool-working. (Incidentally, this suggests another line of argument- that human culture is cumulative, while that of other animals (noting that some animals do indeed posses culture) is not. But, again, where do we draw the line between modern man and our chimp-like ancestors?)

And I'm not arguing for non-exception, because that is the presume default; this thread is for those in favour of a particular proposition, the exceptionalness of humans, to argue a case for it, not for too vaguely defined sides to clash.

Errrrr. Huh? :crazyeye:
White Europeans developed technology far in advance of what any other culture achieved independently. This could be, as it historically was, used as "evidence" for the superiority of Europeans. That, to me, suggests a certain flaw in the presentation of such an argument without appropriate elaboration.
 
This idea of an intelligence threshold a long a spectrum has a problem with it: If intelligence is on a gradient scale, then why are rights not on a gradient too? Why is there an arbitrary point where we assign a whole bunch of boolean roles, rights, and social status to? Why is it ok to kill someone just bellow the threshold, but not just above it?

So it would seem that Human exceptionalism requires a boolean trait that humans have, that animals don't. Furthermore, for a solid stance, there needs to be a direct connection between this distinction and the rights, empathy, responsibilities, and status afforded to humans at the exclusion of animals.
 
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