Do you know why nazis hate free masons?
Is there a rank (hierarchy) and if there is which rank are you?
Hitler claimed that all Jews were Freemasons and therefore all Freemasons were Jews. Obviously that isn't true. I can't speak for Hitler, but I'm guessing he didn't like that Freemasons consider others as equals, which Hitler obviously didn't feel towards the Jews.
Not necessarily a rank structure, but there are positions. I'm currently the Junior Warden and the Lodge Education Officer.
Are there any sort of dues/fees you need to pay to be a member?
Yes, each Lodge and appendant body has dues. Some go towards building maintenance and normal organizational stuff. Other parts of our dues go towards charities and a fund that helps fellow Brothers who are in need. The dues are broken down by how they are divided, so each member knows what his dues are being used for.
What responsibilities do you have as a member?
You are not required to do anything. If you want, you could receive the three Blue Lodge degrees and then never attend again. Masonry is what you put into it. There are plenty of options if one desires to help in some way, you only have to ask. There's also the personal responsibility that each Mason should follow and that is to continue his own personal studies to become a better person.
For a person interested in being a member, what recommendations can you give to improve their chances of being accepted into the order? Important prerequisites, qualifications, etc?
There is nothing I can say to help you cheat the system. The idea isn't just to join, but to join because you want to better yourself.
Consider this, some go to Church every Sunday, but do nothing else. Are they bettering themselves? Why do they go, or why did they join that Church then? It's the same with Freemasonry. If you only join to say you are one, then there's no point at joining.
A friend of mine gave me a book, his grandfather gave him, from a lodge and its all in what looks like coded words. Maybe acronyms, maybe something more, but I'm not sure.
Any clue what it would be?
Yes, I know what it is. I'm guessing his grandfather was a Mason. Personally, I'd give him the book back. If he was a Freemason, then the book itself wasn't the gift. Unfortunately your friend didn't see it.