Historical Article: Lost Tribes and the Second Wave of Ardavani Conversion in the 5th Century RM
“But the eighth son, Ashklevai, disdained his brothers, and he did not ride with the Seven by night, nor hunt with them by day. His eyes were keen and his arm was strong, but he fell to worshipping spirits, so the brothers drove him out with fire and spear. They cursed him as he fled, but TALELDIL rebuked them, saying, ‘Nothing under heaven can break the bonds of blood.’ And from Ashklevai were many tribes descended.”
Kaphai, Deeds: 17-20
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The changing nature of what it meant to be Satar in the 5th century RM was tightly bound up with the religion of Ardavan. The name of the religion itself has been translated as diversely as "the aspected path" or "the uppermost way," revealing a wide breadth of interpretation for the contemporary scholar. That Ardavani practices themselves retained a remarkable diversity throughout the first millenium RM should be unsurprising in light of this mutable vocabulary. This article will briefly summarize the origins of Ardavan, and then discuss how massive operational changes within the structure of the religion allowed what was previously a Satar-only faith to become accessible to a wide range of non-Satar ethnic groups during the rise of the Karapeshai Exatai.
Historical Synopsis
Ardavan's origins are clear, even if its subsequent development remains murky. The historicity of Taleldil as a political figure in the Sesh Valley around whom a contemporary god-cult developed is solid but not incontrovertible, supported by a number of buried steles and bronze inscriptions appearing in the Rath Tephas around a century after his hypothesized earthly life. What the inscriptions are not, however, is consistent, as some mention deeds of empire-building and conquest which can be corroborated with archaeology in the Sesh Delta, while others seem to focus on mythopoeic legendary achievements, such as the killing of spirits and gods.
Subsequently, during the Northern Migration period, elements of this Bronze Age cult filtered north via trade and migration to the Rathai, the great steppes that extend for thousands of miles northwest of the Kotthorn, or Kothai Mountains. It came into contact there with the polytheistic shamanism native to the steppe, which reinforced the henotheistic conception of Taleldil as one god among many. A number of shamanic practices entered into the faith at this time, which by the time of the 1st century RM was essentially a shamanic faith centered around a single god and the bound spirits that served him. Ritualistic invocations of power, divining, visionary experiences, and spiritual initiation were the most enduring of these shamanic practices.
The conquest of the Sesh Valley changed Ardavan greatly. The oral tradition of Taleldil’s life, deeds, and afterlife was codified by the first High Oracle, Xephaion, who personally assembled the bulk of the Kaphaiavai. Following the reigns of Arastephas and Atraxes, a growing conception that the Redeemer of the Satar had some form of spiritual connection to Taleldil emerged, though the exact nature of that connection was debated for centuries by scholars before the term ‘Scion’ was adopted as a compromise measure in the late 4th century RM. Furthermore, the influence of the High Oracle resulted in the formation of the monasteries and the oracular temples, and the reform of certain shamanic practices and discouragement of others as the shamans were transitioned into their new role as Oracles.
Sons of Ashklevai: Religious Compromise in the Second and Third Exatai
With the fall of Xetares and the end of the First Exatai, and the wholesale conversion of the Accan people who helped form the Second, new religious rationalizations had to be made to accommodate the non-Satar that were now joining the Exatai in large numbers. The rationale, first developed for the Accans and later reused in a much broader form after the Conquests of Jahan, was as follows: The Accans were descended from a lost tribe, sundered from the Satar at a very early date in their history. The “many tribes” reference in the Book of Deeds in the Kaphai served to provide justification for the massive political power of the Accans within the new Exatai: They were, in fact, Satar all along, simply Satar that had forgotten their heritage and now came to reclaim it.
The term “son of Ashklevai” or “Ashklevite” entered the historical record during the early-period Karapeshai reign of Avetas, in reference to a half-Ming Evyni quem who had quickly converted to Ardavan on the heels of Jahan’s Conquest in an attempt to gain favor. According to the writings of Axilias-ta-Alma, the surprised convert was richly feasted by his new Satar overlords, given a silver-edged mask in a special ceremony, and awarded a significant bounty of land and twenty slaves. Subsequently, ‘Ashklevite’ was interpreted very broadly to mean any convert to Ardavan, or descendant of converts. It would be used to describe members of ethnic groups as varied as Accans, Xieni, Vithana, Avaimi, Ming, Cyvekt, and Taudo. All were descendants of the sundered Eighth Tribe, and thus, all equally capable of re-embracing their “true” Satar identity.
During the reigns of Avetas, Tephras, and Karal, the practice of non-Satar conversion seems to have become increasingly popular. It represented a compromise, by which many of the old cultural traditions of the specific ‘tribe’ of the new entrant into the Exatai (like language and dress) could be preserved, simply adding the Satar traditions (Taleldil, mask culture) on top of their own. This aura of compromise even extended to the religions of Maninism and Ytauzi, as these ‘paths’ were interpreted by the Satar as being cultural oddities, not rival religions worthy of persecution, and not representing any conflict with Taleldil. Syncretism was a natural result.
Given the still-significant but diminishing influence of the Old Satar, being Vedai (pure or sevenfold, descended from a Satar tribe tracing its lineage back to one of Taleldil’s seven loyal sons) carried a certain amount of prestige, but it had no bearing on the power structure of the Karapeshai. Many of the new, Ashklevite princely dynasties sought to heavily intermarry with Vedai families, thus gradually becoming Vedai themselves, but it was by no means stigmatic to be an Ashklevite in the social hierarchy of the Karapeshai Exatai.
Summary and Conclusions
Certainly, this period of tolerance had its exceptions, (most notably an ongoing and vicious persecution of Aitahists,) and an era of greater reaction would be on its way. But for its time, it represented a remarkably forward-thinking policy of ethnic rapprochement, especially in contrast to the stereotypical xenophobic Satar written into contemporary Uggor, Seshweay, and Faronun chronicles, and used as a stock character in fiction. It proved to be far more successful at preventing ethnic unrest than the viciously oppressive actions directed at the Seshweay and other Aitahist minorities during the previous centuries, and was also more successful at gaining new adherents to both Ardavan and Satar mask culture.
Other historians considering minority participation in the Karapeshai Exatai stress the importance of the reformed slave codes under Avetas, and ongoing economic changes that gave non-Satar ethnic groups a greater financial stake in the success of the state. Those considerations, however, are under the scope of a subsequent essay.