No, not complete trades, which is what I think you're implying, but
"science pressure", or "meme diffusion", similar to the way that
religious pressure will work after today's iteration.
Not sure how to do the religious-style pressure method, but you could easily apply it to trade routes. Basically, trading with a civ that has techs you don't will provide some small number of beakers per turn toward one of those specific techs. It would be a boost to research, but it wouldn't replace it.