Verbose
Deity
Well, what TENDS to happen is some form of revolution or war being fought over things like that, eventually.You're saying that the government ruled that blacks were property, so the solution is to entrust the government to protect blacks? I don't understand how this is an argument against anything I've suggested.
Oh, right, it did...
Power tends to get distributed in patterns of dominance and subjection. The point of the modern state is to reduce individual abuse by maintaining a system based on universal (supposedly) principles. Which does require a centralisation of power to the state. What's important is how this state then derives its legitimacy from its citizens. (Are they citizens of or are they subjects to state for starters?)
But democracy itself isn't necessarily something that ensures a well-functioning modern state. Take a gander at Greece of today for instance. It's a surprisingly weak modern state, so weak it's a society still mostly relying on mechanisms of patron-client relations. These are always personal and where the benefits for patrons and clients are always concrete and tangible - i.e. the system does not serve to maintain universal principles of things like even-handed administration or meritocracy. It also tends to make things like "private property" a matter of negotation, or direct power struggles. When you can't actually work out who owns what in sufficient detail, the one who commands most personal power tends to walk away with it. (Land ownership is very sketchy in places.) And access and concrete control tends to trump some kind of abstract principle of ownership.
Those are the kinds of challenges a weak state regularily gets confronted with. It might WANT universal principles to be maintained, like respect for abstract private ownership. It's just too damn weak to be able to. It's citizens might want universal principles like that to apply as well, except the subversion of them tends to be rather rapid, as there are tipping points when it just becomes daft for individuals to act as if anyone respected abstract ownership over immediate control.
We still have to work out how to make Russians and Chinese pay income taxes. That's the situation of early modern states. They make their money by raw material exports and taxing drugs consumed, usually by making alcohol/tobacco/pot/opium/herion a state monopoly. Imperial Russia of the 19th c. would have gone bust, had it not maintained a monopoly on vodka. (An unfortunate drawback being that the state actively wanted its subjcts to spend as much as possible on it, as it was a major mechanism of raising revenue for the state.)
Anyhoo, history aside, the impression is one of you desiring something of an improbability in the form of a weak-modern-state-which-yet-operates-fully-as-a-strong-modern-state.
