cgannon64 said:
Dude, this is such a cop-out! Your'e essentially saying, "I'm not gonna define what 'I' am since I know what it is, and stop asking me!"
It may seem academic and stupid to define precisely what the individual is, but I think it's important if a soul is not proposed. A soul clears up the question straightaway - an individual is his soul and the body just a means. But, without the soul, it is important: Cuz if you're going to define people by their bodies, we better establish what that means!
[...] this question still holds weight. What will damage or alter that single coherent agent? What will change it so much that we can't consider it the same agent that it was before?
I suspect you may be underestimating the power of simple facts like that if you grab my hand, the rest of me comes along. These facts leave very little ambiguity about where the boundaries of "me" are for day-to-day purposes.
For a lot of purposes tough issues don't matter. Consider transfer of property for example. Just let the property continue to be owned by the damaged person until he actually dies. If he becomes mentally incompetent, his heirs or his lawyer can manage the property in the meantime.
Here's an example where it does matter: if I get Alzheimer's, at what point could my wife take another lover (assuming she felt like it) without violating our marriage vows? In other words at what point do I stop being "me" and become a just-barely-a-person she takes care of? Here I don't think there
is an
exact answer. But, we can talk about (and have) such contingencies while we're healthy, so we know roughly how to deal with them.
Now, you might say that's just too weird. For example, some things will be clearly felt by this Alzheimer's patient - delight one minute, confusion the next, pain the next, etc. - but it will be neither simply true nor simply false that
I will feel it. All I can say is, it's queer but you can get used to it.
cgannon64 said:
Well then, if everyone is rational on some level, how much rationality is needed to put someone in jail, and how little to put someone into a mental asylum? Should smarter, more rational people get more jail time than dumber, less rational people? The problems in this defintion are real...
Now, this relates to something I said to WillJ: It seems cruel to punish a person like this. The possession may only be an illusion, but if it's a persistent one, than they're going to suffer for something they feel like they couldn't have avoided. Is that fair?
Someone who feels possessed probably has a serious mental illness, so I agree they shouldn't be punished. They should still be restrained, if they have assaulted or killed people.
There
is a critical level of rationality, I believe. That's not to say that there aren't borderline cases, but most people fall on one side or the other. The critical level that makes you a free and responsible person is that your rational integration of your personality is self-sustaining and self-promoting. For example, when a new desire pops up you weigh it against other desires and come up with strategies for dealing with it; the rest of your desires and beliefs acknowledge its existence; etc. "Lately I'm craving fats and sweets but I won't let these cravings destroy my health". Moreover, you keep investigating your world, including yourself, and trying to improve your understanding. You are receptive to information communicated by others, and this information connects to the whole web of your psychology.
By contrast, a seriously mentally ill person often has large areas of denial. The beliefs and desires that are accessible to conversation, if the person is even capable of conversation, are only a fraction of those operating overall. The person has murderous impulses but sincerely denies that he does, for example. Any evidence to that effect vanishes into a black hole of denial. Or in some cases ("multiple personality"), first one subset of memories and knowledge is accessible to conversation, then later another subset. And so on. The pockets of rationality in the person aren't strong enough to drag the rest into the light of day.
cgannon64 said:
I think the lack of freedom involved here is way more serious than you make it out to be.
OK seriously, what is wrong with the idea that at any moment I have a specific overall character, and any action of mine flows out of that character? Why should I want to pull actions out of a chaotic hat? Is "be yourself" not a license to be free?