This is an unfinished game, but its such a great example that I thought it important to discuss.
Standard Perfect World 3 (Terra Start). Playing Spain on Emperor (Standard Speed).
I may talk about the full game at some point. But I'm experiencing the happiness toilet right now, and I want to walk through step by step how a civilization that once had 20 happiness is now hovering around -30, and has started losing cities due to cultural revolutions.
Everything was great until the new world expansion. Before the expansion I was hovering around 20ish happiness. I started an aggressive expansion campaign with Spain using Conquistadors (aka stereotypical Spain).
1) I expand to take 4 cities in pretty rapid session.
2) I get DOWed twice. During the process I puppet 3 cities, and annex 1. So I've acquired 5 "real" cities over the course of 20 turns or so.
3) My new world cities grow very rapidly, and I manage to steal a tech. And in short order, my happiness has dropped to -5.
4) At this point I recognize that happiness needs to be addressed, so I start building happiness buildings in the new world cities. This takes a lot of gold to speed them along. My main cities continue to build the units I need for the warring I'm engaged with.
5) I got DOWed by another civ. Poverty is exploding across my empire. My gold reserves have been exhausted buying new buildings, so I can now only rush build here and there. The enemy armies continue to push, so I try to find a balance between creating units and happiness buildings. My happiness has now dropped to -20.
6) I realize how critical the situation is, and I turn off growth on all of my cities to try and curb the issue.
7) Suddenly....I start losing units left and right!!! What is happening? So...when you have -20% combat strength against civs with no happiness problems....it creates a huge gap in power. My conquistadors that once could crush tercios, cannons, and enemy knights are now getting slaughtered by them.
They can no longer hold key lines. Further, my offense crumbles. Before I could kill crossbows with a single unit. Now, they can hold the attack. And any time I push forward even a little with a unit, it is killed the next turn. My army supply drops quickly as does my war weariness.
8) With my army weakened, I am forced to pull back to defensive positions. The enemies begin to pillage....adding more unhappiness.
9) My happiness slips to -25. Because of the -25% penalty to gold, as well as many pillaged trade routes, I now have a negative GPT. I can no longer afford to rush buildings at all.
10) My island cities continue to build happiness buildings, but its slow going without rush buying. Their happiness continues to drop, they just can't build fast enough.
11) I do start making some gains in my main cities. However, the recoveries I make are then negated by new war weariness.
12) Barbarians start appearing in my main cities. My units are spread thin. I can't replenish them without losing the happiness race, so I have a skeleton crew in my interior. The barbarians take full advantage, and further pillage my interior cities, creating both pillage and isolation issues. My happiness has now dropped to -32.
13) I continue to fight wars on multiple fronts while so slowly catching up on happiness. I make some small gains, getting it back to -26. But its not fast enough, and my first city revolts.
So this is where I stand right now. I do believe that eventually I can climb out of the hole. But...this particular game has lost all of its enjoyment for me. I am huddled in my defensive areas against enemies I cannot fight. My buildings are catching up painfully slow, and meanwhile my enemies pass me in culture and tech as the -30% does its work. I think I will also lose at least one more city to revolt unless I can get someone to make peace with me.
Now you can argue that I should have known better. I should have expanded slower for example. That is likely true. The point was to showcase how someone can fall into this hole....and how incredibly unfun it is. We have talked recently about newer players, and this is a trap I can easily see many of them falling into. If my first few games of VP I dealt with issues like this...I might never have come back.
I have made this pitch before, and I think its worth repeating. I really think that unhappiness should not affect gold, just as it does not affect production. Because....gold is production. Without the ability to rush, many buildings simply take too long to build in satellite cities. And without them, you can slip into the spiral. At least with gold I feel like I can fight the problem. Without it, I just have to push end turn until I can climb out....and its a pretty boring spectacle to be a part of.