Firstly, I should correct Thlayli on the national background (I really should review those things more thoroughly; if Thlayli doesn't mind I will do that when I have time before leaving): the Turkic tribes are fairly well-integrated into the overall society by now, and coexist well enough with the Parsi tribes and urban population; the native Persians are very barely a majority, and for the record they are mostly Sunni, not Shiite. There is something of an anti-Turkic nationalist movement in the southwest, but it's not all that strong; other than that, there is the traditional "national" Iranian idea, which is basically the legacy of every preceding Persia-based empire, from the Achaemenids through the Buwayhids to the Tutushids. The Shahate has some latent claims to the entirety of Greater Iran. That's just the state ideology, though, not very widespread elsewhere unless other events give it some fuel. The main and most commonly brought up ideas of the day are more religious than political, and opposition to the Shiites is a major point of the state ideology, as the Shahenshah is, among other things, the protector of Sunni orthodoxy. The court is divided between a corrupt traditional tribal aristocratic party and a corrupt reformist urban bureaucratic and military party. Conflicts between them, rivalries between aristocratic families and the provinces in which their representatives traditionally hold the governor's seat, and the occasional abuses of power by local officials are the main threats to domestic stability at the moment; also, any strong course of reform would likely be met with the opposition of the Turkish tribes of northern Iran, which may easily lead to rebellion.
The Mustafid Shahate is for the most part quite backwards in all regards, despite occasional efforts at changing that and the influence of foreign (mainly Chernigovian, Flemish and Portuguese) commerce. The government is a traditional Persian bureaucratic monarchy; corruption is plentiful and now increasingly damaging, and nepotism is basically part of the system.
