Cephalopod Evolution: Reproduction
Cephalopod reproductive strategies evolve during this time.
Effectively asexual, cephalopod species reproduce through the following life-cycle:
1) deposition of gametes on a surface- this is usually underwater but terrestrial cephalopods may be creative in how they find these 'underwater' spots. Other terrestrial cephalopods may just use dry surfaces and adapt these reproductive strategies to their terrain.
This is usually done in masses. So hundreds or thousands of 'eggs' are deposited onto the surface (coral, stone, plant, etc)
2) other cephalopods may contribute to the gamete 'egg' by adding their own. This does two things- provide additional energy for the growing 'egg' and allow genetic recombination between the gametes. Unlike female/male pairing, unlimited additional gametes may be contributed but ultimately most of the genetic material is removed through shuffling. More donors=more variability and more energy but is still only 1 offspring. Fertilization occurs in 'clouds' so multiple "egg" gametes are contributed to in one 'egg-laying'/'egg-fertilization'.
3) these form into polyps that grow from the surface. they look like this, except they occur in 'lawns' or 'clouds' depending on where the 'eggs' are deposited.
View attachment 502868
The polyp is an effective filter feeder and can derive nutrients from the atmosphere or waters around it, contributing to its development and bioenergetic needs beyond the energy provided by its parents' egg 'yolk'.
4) these grow and mature, forming 'budding arms'.
View attachment 502870
So while part of the immature cephalopod continues to collect energy by filter feeding, branching arms form immature cephalopods that with time, 'swim' free of the anchored multi-armed immature structure and go on to grow into full-fledged mature cephalopods. The poly structure will continue to grow and release offspring for as long as its nutrient requirements are met and its stem-cells remain viable (which drops off with time-approximately 1 year).
This method of reproduction allows accumulation of variety by intermixing, production of many offspring at a time, and semi self-sufficient immature form that can feed itself to varying degrees.
Cephalopod Evolution: Nest Building and Parenting Behavior
Cephalopods evolve to protect their immature forms and to build nests of varying complexity for these.
"Parents" provide food to their young 'polyp-stage' and immature cephalopods to accelerate their maturation and development.
They provide nests to protect their young. These nests may include woven kelp, stone caves, plants and leaves intwined around them, or various other forms depending on terrain, etc to provide protection and concealment.
Some species may continue to build nests for themselves in their adult form to protect themselves, store food, or control prime hunting/foraging territory.
This last part may synergize well with Angst's adaptation???