Gerrymandering used to be prominent in
Canadian politics, but is no longer prominent, after independent
electoral boundary redistribution commissions were established in all provinces.
[85][86] Early in
Canadian history, both the federal and provincial levels used gerrymandering to try to maximize partisan power. When
Alberta and
Saskatchewan were admitted to
Confederation in 1905, their original district boundaries were set forth in the respective
Alberta and
Saskatchewan Acts. Federal
Liberal cabinet members devised the boundaries to ensure the election of provincial Liberal governments.
[87] British Columbia used a combination of
single-member and
dual-member constituencies to solidify the power of the centre-right
British Columbia Social Credit Party until
1991.
Since responsibility for drawing federal and provincial electoral boundaries was handed over to independent agencies, the problem has largely been eliminated at those levels of government.
Manitoba was the first province to authorize a non-partisan group to define constituency boundaries in the 1950s.
[85] In 1964, the
federal government delegated the drawing of boundaries for
federal electoral districts to the non-partisan agency
Elections Canada which answers to
Parliament rather than the government of the day.
As a result, gerrymandering is not generally a major issue in Canada except at the civic level.
[88] Although city wards are recommended by independent agencies,
city councils occasionally overrule them. That is much more likely if the city is not homogenous and different neighborhoods have sharply different opinions about city policy direction.
In 2006, a controversy arose in
Prince Edward Island over the
provincial government's decision to throw out an electoral map drawn by an independent commission. Instead, they created two new maps. The government adopted the second of them, which was designed by the
caucus of the governing
Progressive Conservative Party of Prince Edward Island. Opposition parties and the media attacked Premier
Pat Binns for what they saw as gerrymandering of districts. Among other things, the government adopted a map that ensured that every current
Member of the Legislative Assembly from the premier's party had a district to run in for re-election, but in the original map, several had been redistricted.
[89] However, in the
2007 provincial election only seven of 20 incumbent Members of the Legislative Assembly were re-elected (seven did not run for re-election), and the government was defeated.