So if people think of Egypt as the "monument building civ" what is Babylon? I never thought of Babylon as being scientifically advanced for its time... I always thought it was just basically the largest and most organized society of its time, one of the very first civs. Were they scientifically advanced?
It depends on what part of Babylon's history you're considering. To answer your question the short way, though: no, I don't believe they were
particularly advanced for their time, but they certainly made their mark in the advancement of ancient civilizations.
From a few quick glances at relevant Wikipedia articles: Hammurabi gave rise to "Babylonia," and we all know he commissioned one of the first codes of law that the ancient world had seen, and is likely why they receive a bonus upon research Writing; the Code of Hammurabi was written in stone, and remains as one of the longest deciphered writings of the ancient world. The anachronistic representative of Babylon in-game is Nebuchadnezzar II, who is perhaps most known for the great feats of architecture commissioned during his reign: the alleged Hanging Gardens of Babylon (though its actual existence is still somewhat in dispute) and the Ishtar Gate of Babylon. Also, Nebby's ancient Akkadian namesake is Nabu, the Babylonian god of wisdom, and inscriptions discovered that are thought to be
by Nebuchadnezzar have him styling himself as Nabu's "beloved." And that's just a quick summary of it all; I'm sure there's a lot more to it.
I think the problem Firaxis encountered is that they included many civilizations that are commonly considered to be the "cradles of civilization", including Babylon but also Egypt, India, Assyria (also in the Mesopotamian area), China, Greece, etc. They all obviously needed to be distinct from one another, so they slated Egypt as the monument builders, Assyria as a warmongerer (since they were quite the conquerers), Greece as a hub of City-States (which it was historically), and so on. Though not particularly being a hub of scientific research and technological advancement during its time, they turned Babylon's accomplishments up to 11 and used it to justify being advanced scientifically. Sometimes rigorous historical accuracy has to be forsaken in the pursuit of uniqueness and game balance.