Other "racial" groups have been openly discriminated in the past in USA, but we don't place any AA to help them.
Which group might that be? Asian-Americans who have now managed to overcome that inherent racism to even displace whites in some states with no AA provisions?
Probably because that racism does not exist anymore, and it's time to have plain level field for everybody.
Racism is obviously still pervasive in the US and is quite strong in the GOP and the Tea Party. Numerous examples are posted in this forum on a regular basis.
And myth #3 in the article on
page 11 addresses the notion that AA is no longer needed.
Today the biggest factors creating advantages and disadvantages are economical.
If AA would be used to help people from poor backgrounds, regardless of race, then it will be difficoult for anybody to consider them discriminatory.
That is exactly what it is doing by aiding those who are still oppressed the most in this country: blacks, Hispanics, women, and ironically now in California whites themselves to a very limited extent. Besides, there are numerous scholarship opportunities available to poor whites and there always have been. This is nothing more than an attempt to continue to discriminate against minorities and even women.
The article points outs, but does not demonstrate anything.
The very people that AA helps do not think so. What more proof could possibly be needed that this argument is an obvious myth?
Although affirmative action may have this effect in some cases (Heilman, Simon, & Repper, 1987; Steele, 1990), interview studies and public opinion surveys suggest that such reactions are rare (Taylor, 1994). For instance, a 1995 Gallup poll asked employed Blacks and employed White women whether they had ever felt others questioned their abilities because of affirmative action (Roper Center for Public Opinion, 1995d). Nearly 90% of respondents said no (which is understandable -- after all, White men, who have traditionally benefited from preferential hiring, do not feel hampered by self-doubt or a loss in self-esteem). Indeed, in many cases affirmative action may actually raise the self-esteem of women and minorities by providing them with employment and opportunities for advancement. There is also evidence that affirmative action policies increase job satisfaction and organizational commitment among beneficiaries (Graves & Powell, 1994).
The only people whose psyches are apparently hurt by AA are a handful of very conservative whites who think they are now being discriminated against, despite still having an overwhelming advantage to attend colleges which are getting more and more expensive making them even more inaccessible to the victims of society.
Doesn't mean that all boat people fall in these descriptions.
You even imply that "many of them" supported war crimes... Just because they are Asian doesn't mean you have to denigrate them.
If somebody else would have wrote that he could be accused of being a racist.
You are just creating a straw man (*) as usual.
And I ironically obviously stated "all" didn't.
And being Asian has nothing to do with it. Many of those who did flee from Vietnam obviously did so in fear of their own lives because they had supported the brutal regime which tortured and murdered so many innocent people. This isn't racism. It is history. And many of these war criminals fled to the US and to Europe, and were never prosecuted for their atrocities:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Program
The Phoenix Program (Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Phụng Hoàng, a word related to fenghuang, the Chinese phoenix) was a controversial counterinsurgency program designed, coordinated, and executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's (South Vietnam) security apparatus during the Vietnam War that operated between 1967 and 1972.[1]
The Program was designed to identify the Viet Cong Infrastructure (VCI) supporting the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF), more commonly referred to as the Vietcong (VC) and neutralize it through capture, coercion or killing its members. Phoenix Program operation were carried out by the South Vietnam’s National Police, National Police Field Force, Special Police Branch, U.S. and Vietnamese conventional armed forces; and by what became known as the Provincial Reconnaissance Units, or PRU’s.[1][2] By 1972, Phoenix operatives had neutralized 81,740 suspected NLF supporters, of whom 26,369 were killed.[1]
Results of the program’s effectiveness remain debated to this day however it is generally viewed by both US Military and former North Vietnamese officials as being the most productive counterinsurgency operation of the conflict and dealt a serious blow to the Viet Cong and the VCI.[2][3] The Phoenix Program was widely criticized by opponents of the conflict who called it little more than an “assassination program” utilizing “indiscriminate brutality” and a violation of international law. Much of the critical characterization arose from the classified nature of the program coupled with anecdotal, unsubstantiated, or false information relayed to the media and critical scholars about Phoenix.[4][5]
Torture
It has been alleged that civilians who were detained in interrogation centers were tortured in an attempt to gain intelligence on VC activities in the area.[10] and that few of the prisoners survived their interrogation.[15]
Military intelligence officer K. Milton Osborne states he witnessed the following use of torture:
"The use of the insertion of the 6-inch dowel into the canal of one of my detainee's ears, and the tapping through the brain until dead. The starvation to death (in a cage), of a Vietnamese woman who was suspected of being part of the local political education cadre in one of the local villages ... The use of electronic gear such as sealed telephones attached to ... both the women's vaginas and men's testicles [to] shock them into submission."[16]
Extrajudicial killings
Lieutenant Vincent Okamoto, an intelligence-liaison officer for the Phoenix Program for two months in 1968 and a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross said the following:[17][18]
“ The problem was, how do you find the people on the blacklist? It's not like you had their address and telephone number. The normal procedure would be to go into a village and just grab someone and say, 'Where's Nguyen so-and-so?' Half the time the people were so afraid they would not say anything. Then a Phoenix team would take the informant, put a sandbag over his head, poke out two holes so he could see, put commo wire around his neck like a long leash, and walk him through the village and say, 'When we go by Nguyen's house scratch your head.' Then that night Phoenix would come back, knock on the door, and say, 'April Fool, m******.' Whoever answered the door would get wasted. As far as they were concerned whoever answered was a Communist, including family members. Sometimes they'd come back to camp with ears to prove that they killed people. ”
Okamoto stated; "If Phoenix goes in and murders someone who was not Viet Cong, and they abuse the mother and the sister, well anybody in the family who survives is going to be a card-carrying Viet Cong by the next afternoon."[17]
False reporting
Charges that rival Vietnamese would report their enemies as "VC" in order to get U.S. troops to kill them were also made as well as allegations that Phung Hoang chiefs were incompetent bureaucrats who used their positions to enrich themselves.[19]
This is just one program which was orchestrated by the CIA. The South Vietnamese programs were far worse.
Granting advantages for categories of people according to their race is prejudicial by definition.
Racial prejudice or discrimination is, by definition, racism.
Just because you and a handful of others claim that is so obviously doesn't make it so.
Once again, the vast majority of sociology experts agree that AA has done much already, and that much still needs to be done. Even the legislature of California now sees what a huge mistake it was to repeal AA. Eventually, all of these programs will eventually be restarted, because hollow rhetoric and absurd claims of racism just don't work all that well against facts.
