News from Europe
SPANISH ARMY INTRODUCES NEW ARTILLERY. Madrid, Empire of Spain. An innovator within the Spanish army, after serving alongside the great armies in the War of the American Presidency has developed a new style of artillery. The mobile artillery gun-howitzer is a far more agile and manageable artillery piece than its predecessors. The new style of artillery has already been purchased and used in several field tests in ongoing battlefields in the United States of America and Italy. The Spanish armed forces have attributed volumes of successes to the new pieces, which are worth more than their weight in gold on the battlefield. The agility of Spanish artillery has been viewed by other armies and nations, as the new technology begins to make its way across Europe.
RUSSIAN SETTLERS AGITATE IN NORTHERN GEORGIA. Groznaya, Georgia. The Georgians, on top of their other border tensions with Azerbaijan and the Roman Empire, have begun facing a new threat from the north. Over the past decade, a substantial number of Russian settlers from Moscowy have been flooding into the region, and have at last become a majority. At the fortified town of Groznaya, the Russians have begun agitating to turn the area over to Moscowy, dramatically increasing local tensions. The Cossacks have been at the center of these problems, as the Cossacks have continued to lead and provide the bulk of military support for the Russian settlers in the region. The Georgians have begun to carefully crack down in the area, but have been badly hindered by the excruciating efforts taken to avoid irritating the king in Moscow. (-1 Stability)
DESERTIONS GROW IN KIEV'S ARMY. Kiev, Kiev. As the Moscovites continued their relentless attacks for the third year upon the combined forces of Hungary and Kiev, the Kievans have become increasingly disillusioned with the conflict. The result has been an abhorrent number of desertions within the ranks of Kiev's army, especially as funds grow short for their payment. The devastation of the farmlands and the massive economic destruction of the war have only resulted in a destabilizing base of support for the King of Kiev. Most soldiers have grown increasingly apathetic towards the possibility of Kiev's victory in the conflict, and the result has been the abandoning of units by the thousands of soldiers. This has proven to be a boon for Moscow, as any number of possible traitors and spies have since been recruited from the disillusioned soldiers, all looking for a payday. (-2 Infantry Brigades)
REVOLT IN PRUSSIA. Konigsberg, Poland. Tensions in Poland caused by growing German nationalism have at last resulted in a major revolt in Prussia. The Germans have risen up against Polish rule in a full fledged rebellion against the king in Krakow. They have vowed to end unjust Polish reign over Prussia, hoping to achieve independence, and perhaps one day the establishment of a German nation. A momentary republic was formed in the city of Konigsberg, where the rebels centered their power, and even achieved an initial major victory against the Polish army. The volunteer army proved too strong and determined, armed with seized Polish goods to be easily crushed. Initial Polish attempts were insufficient to retake the city, and a good portion of the countryside fell to the rebels. Ultimately, a sizeable part of the expedition sent to Italy had to return from the battlefield. They immediately focused their full might upon the Prussian uprising, and with superior numbers and training, crushed the rebellion. This has done wonders for reestablishing Polish authority in Prussia, but it came at a tremendous cost in soldiers and fighters, also hindering the war effort in Italy. (+1 Stability, -8 Manpower, -4 Infantry Brigades, -2 Cavalry Brigades, -3 Artillery Brigades)
ELECTIONS IN PORTUGAL. Lisbon, Portugal. The Portuguese have held new elections this year, and the results of the War of the American Presidency proved to be the main topic of the day. The devastating loss of Portugal's many prize colonies led to the Liberals attempting to discredit the conservative regime and accuse them of losing the empire. On the other hand, the conservatives have claimed that their foresightedness and negotiations are establishing Portugal as a world power once again. They have pointed towards the recovering economy in Europe, as well as the development of the new colony of New Zealand, acquired from the British. They have also announced their support and deployment of troops to assist the European coalition in Korea and China. Surprisingly, this approach worked, as the pledge to rebuild the empire seems to gain some strength. The Portuguese involvement in Korea has proven to be unexpectedly popular, giving the conservatives yet another term of office. (+1 Stability)
DUTCH ELECTIONS. Amsterdam, Republic of the Netherlands. The Republic of the Netherlands has faced growing dissent at home, as the Patriots Party has alienated much of their base by refusing to support the revolution and government in Italy. As Turin has been long an ally by treaty to the Republic of the Netherlands, the Patriots have so far refused even a penny's worth of support or aid to the Italians. The result has been a major backlash against the Dutch government and their foreign policies. The major liberal speakers have even begun to break from the base of the party, denouncing the government and rallying support for their cause. The result was a split election as the conservatives struggled to gain an edge amid the growing political chaos. The elections took on a virulent tone as the Dutch attempted to establish a new government. The key members of the Patriots Party managed to win out, establishing themselves once more as the driving force of Dutch politics, but at a cost. (-1 Stability)
SPAIN LOSES HOLY STATUS IN PAPAL DISPUTE. Madrid, Empire of Spain. The Spanish have faced enormous distaste and anger from Pope Leo XIII last year and this year, as they initially failed to support the Catholic cause in Italy. The result has been a severe worsening of tensions and relationships between the Emperor of Spain and the Papacy. After facing this backlash, the Spanish emperor has declared that the Empire of Holy Spain is no more, removing the Holy from the nation's formal status. They are no longer recognized as the natural defender of the Catholic faith, and have faced a loss of status among nations abroad. Furthermore, this has caused some minor destabilization in the more fervent colonies of the empire, though the nobility and middle class in Spain itself have been fairly enthusiastic about this development, freeing Spanish business and aristocracy. (-1 Stability in heavily Catholic colonies)
THE WAR IN ITALY. Turin, Italy. The war between the newly unified nationalist state of Italy, and the coalition assembled by the pressure of Pope Leo XIII has continued this year. The Brothers of Italy have continued to pledge their support for the united regime, and elected representatives have already arrived in Turin from the recently annexed realms of Naples and Sicily, as well as from the territories taken from Austria. The war has entered a new phase as the Spanish begin direct intervention, consisting of a naval task force and even direct invasion of southern Italy. In the north, substantial pressure has been taken off the Italians, as the coalition turns its relentless focus upon the besieged Swiss. It is quite likely only a matter of time for the Swiss army, as they face the might of the united coalition. As before the scale of this conflict has granted it a special section below.
SPANISH ALLOW WEALTHY TO BUY WAY INTO EDUCATION. Madrid, Empire of Spain. After years of allowing only the children of the landed aristocracy to receive education at the universities of Spain, the Spanish monarchy has passed new legislation on education reform. They have instead forced universities to open doors to anyone with the wealth to pay the high costs and tuition of education. The result has been that the doors of Spain's educational institutions have been opened up to the growing middle class, as well as wealthy, untitled members of the upper classes. The reform has been lauded by the liberals, though many push for more, while it has been loudly condemned by the conservative aristocracy. They greatly resent the intrusion of less couth members of society into their private sphere of education, and have vehemently denounced the emperor for allowing such reform. (-1 Stability)
KIEV-MOSCOW WAR. Sevastopol, Kiev. The Kievan and Moscovite war has taken a dramatic turn this year, as the Scandinavian Empire directly intervenes in the conflict. The Scandinavians sent a substantial naval force to clear the sea lanes of any opposition to Moscowy's war effort in the Black Sea. The result was a significant naval confrontation, as the Scandinavians trapped the Hungarian fleet along the coast. The result was the sinking of several Hungarian warships, and the rest went fleeting back to port in Hungary. The Scandinavians have since set up base in Moscovite controlled ports, supporting any coast action with their naval artillery and preventing any further Hungarian naval involvement. In the land war, two major campaigns emerged throughout the course of the year, the fighting for Kiev in the north, and a new Moscovite campaign to take the vital city of Odessa in the south. The latter proved to be the key theater, as it began with Cossack and hussar raiders clashing along the Dnieper River, with superior Hungarian numbers ultimately winning out in those smaller conflicts. The main Moscovite army crossed the river near Kherson, with the support of the Scandinavian navy. The result was a major battle with a Hungarian force that turned out to be outnumbered five to one. With such overwhelming odds, the battle could only end one way, and it did with the utter crushing of most of the Hungarian army. The few who survived were safeguarded by the cavalry and were ultimately forced to retreat all the way back to Odessa itself. Faced with imminent disaster, the Hungarian army from the forces around Kiev headed south and managed to make it in time for the main battle, despite annoying Cossack raids. With more troops than they had before, but still being substantially outnumbered, the Hungarians stood their best, but slim, chance at beating the Moscovite army in the field. They lost the battle, but managed to inflict surprisingly harsh casualties upon Moscowy's army, greatly weakening it. The Hungarians managed to retreat across the Dniester River with relatively few problems, and have forced the Moscovites to stay in the south, rather than getting to be involved in the battles further north. Those battles were engaged as the demoralized Kievan army did their best to protect the capital from the Moscovites. With the withdrawal of most of the Hungarian army to defend Odessa, they were on their own against three times as many Moscovite soldiers. Regardless, the superiority of Kievan artillery and arms managed to inflict a hefty defeat upon the initial Moscovite attack. Regardless, the Moscovites kept on coming, and have since smashed their way through the remaining lines, destroying what remained. Kiev's army was broken, and with it, their will to fight. The Kievan monarchy has been eliminated and exiled, as Kiev is directly annexed into the holdings of Moscowy.
Casualty Lists
Hungary: 9 Infantry Brigades, 7 Cavalry Brigades, 3 Artillery Brigades, 2 Third Rate Warships
Kiev: 6 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 4 Artillery Brigades
Moscowy: 17 Infantry Brigades, 10 Cavalry Brigades, 8 Artillery Brigades
Scandinavia: 1
Oslo-class Warship
TREATY OF STETTIN. Stettin, Pomerania. Avoiding the probable threat of a war for independence, negotiations have led to a peaceful separation of the Germanic nation of Pomerania from Scandinavia. After several years of growing tension and a mostly bloodless revolution, the Pomeranians seized de facto independence last year. The Scandinavians have chosen to recognize this fait accompli with the newly signed Treaty of Stettin. The new treaty has allowed Scandinavian merchants free access and have overall preserved economic ties between the two nations. The Pomeranians have also been granted a guarantee of independence from Scandinavia, in exchange for not entering an agreement that could end the existence of the nation. This has been seen as a deliberate move against German nationalism, preserving Pomerania as a state independent against that blight. The treaty has been fairly successfully, establishing Pomerania's identity as separate from Scandinavia, and creating a new state in the Germanic region.
ELECTIONS IN POMERANIA. Stettin, Pomerania. The Pomeranian government has held their first elections this year, establishing their democratic tradition as an independent nation. Future elections are to be held every five years after this point, with the next being in 1856. Elections this year were heavily debated and disputed as the rhetoric grew heated between liberals and conservatives. Most liberals have become substantially more tied to the Germanic nationalists, but as per the treaty, began establishing an identity separate of that. The Liberal Party has pledged to grow economic ties throughout Europe, as well as ties with the republics and elected governments of the continent. The conservatives were unable to create any united platform, allowing the liberals to achieve victory. Regardless, the disputes have been virulent between both sides as they struggled for power, resulting in a bitter and hate filled political environment for the Liberal Party's first term in office. (-1 Stability)
POLAND ESTABLISHES SECRET POLICE. Krakow, Poland. After witnessing the successes of the secret police in Brandenburg, Burgundy, and Hungary, the nation of Poland has begun following suit. The Polish monarch has authorized the creation of an investigative group established to root out and destroy insidious political groups and nationalist movements. The effort has been lauded as a major step in stabilizing Poland and creating a nation safe for the old order and traditional morals. The police have set up their fairly public headquarters and even made a few high profile arrests of several notoriously outspoken Polish liberals. This has established the new Polish secret police as a force to be reckoned with, as they root out heresy and dissent among the people of Poland. (+1 Stability)
BRITAIN DEVELOPS NEW IRON HULL WARSHIPS. Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain. The British Royal Navy has begun experimenting with new methods of building warships this year, plating traditional craft with iron hulls. Though the ideas have been established in theory, it has been determined that new explosive shells and weaponry are too devastating to purely wooden craft, as witnessed by the battles of the War of the American Presidency. Therefore, the British government has sponsored the development of the means and technology required to build an iron craft. No actual warships have made it onto the seas as of yet, but British engineers are supremely confident of their abilities in their craft. For now the British have a distinct edge in this field, prepared to bring a new era to warfare.
PORTUGAL SCRAPS FORTIFICATION PROJECT. Oporto, Portugal. The War of the American Presidency clearly illustrated the vulnerability of Portugal to invasion by the Empire of Spain. Worse yet, the few fortifications that had been completed in the grand project that was to assure the nation's security proved worthless in battle. After witnessing the utter failure of Portugal's completed forts and the inability of the army to defend them, the government has taken a harsh look at the planned layout of all the new forts. It was determined that due to the rapidly evolving nature of warfare and the lack of funding to actually construct any fortifications in a timely manner, that the project should be discontinued. Therefore, with this year, the Portuguese government announced that the planned construction of forts along the border with Spain has been cancelled due to lack of funding and need by the Portuguese military.
NORMAN INNOVATOR DEVELOPS NEW FIREFIGHTING TECHNOLOGY. Rouen, Normandy. A clever inventor in Normandy introduced a new steam powered firefighting engine to the streets of Rouen this year. This new engine is steam propelled and using a steam pump to deploy incredible forces of water into the heart of the hottest flames. The increased response times and efficiency of the method have allowed for far superior responses to the threat of any outbreak of fire. The inventor was inspired after the Great Rouen Fire, and has been hard at work on this ever since. It is believed that the new invention could be of great use to any firefighting service in Europe and across the world. Already, patents are pending in other states, as they go into manufacture for sale to cities throughout France and Western Europe.
SPECIAL: The War in Italy
SPANISH INVADE SOUTHERN ITALY. Naples, Italy. The entry of Spain into the growing conflict that is the war in Italy has presented the bulk of the Italian coastline to the possibility of a seaborne invasion. The Spanish have begun their own intervention in the Italian conflict with a full scale invasion of the peninsula near Naples. With Italy's army expecting an invasion around Rome, they have instead been forced to move south to oppose the surprise invading force. This gave the Spanish time to offload their entire army and establish a supply depot, securing Naples and the surrounding area. As happened last year, the Brothers of Italy kept the Italian army well informed about the movements and positions of the Spanish forces. At the Battle of Minturno, the Italians stood in the way of the Spanish advance towards Rome. Using local heights and positions, the Italians managed to win a substantial victory against the Spanish army, forcing them to retreat south back toward Naples. Sensing an opportunity to clearly and decisively end the Spanish invasion, the Italians pursued, meeting in battle to the north of the city. The Spanish, while outnumbered, possessed more and better artillery, evening the odds, and effectively destroying the Italian artillery corps in the process. The result was a stalemate, as the Spanish managed to preserve their lines, while holding back the Italian attacks. With the Italians held back, the Spanish once more attempted to regain the initiative and retake the offensive towards Rome. Without artillery, the Italians suffered heavy casualties and were in a very unfavorable situation. The Spanish pounded the Italians into oblivion, securing their position in southern Italy, and by the end of the year, threatening Rome itself.
Casualty Lists
Empire of Spain: 7 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 3 Artillery Brigades
Italy: 10 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 4 Artillery Brigades
INVASION OF SWITZERLAND. Zurich, Switzerland. Some of the heaviest fighting of the year took place as the coalition sought to eliminate the republic of Switzerland from the war. The armies of Paris-Burgundy launched early attacks to reclaim the passes, and these battles proved fairly difficult. The superior gunnery of the Swiss inflicted a hefty cost upon the Burgundian artillery, though ultimately the sheer numbers of the enemy army forced the Swiss to retreat. After this victory, the coalition awaited spring, and the arrival of reinforcements in the east, and a simultaneous invasion began of Switzerland from both west and east, as four great armies pushed upon Zurich. With no chance of defeating them in detail like they hoped, the Swiss were forced to retreat into their substantial fortifications around Zurich itself. The result was a brutal siege, which turned into a direct assault. The Swiss managed to inflict a heavy toll upon those attempting to destroy them, causing harsh casualties. Ultimately though, the lines were broken and Zurich was taken. After the victory, the coalition began establishing control over much of Switzerland, leaving only a small sliver of land under their control, with limited Italian support in the south. Before this could be taken, the armies of the coalition were distributed to other fronts as the war raged elsewhere.
Casualty Lists
Austria: 2 Infantry Brigades, 1 Artillery Brigade
Bavaria: 3 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 1 Artillery Brigade
Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy: 11 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 9 Artillery Brigades
Poland: 2 Infantry Brigades, 1 Artillery Brigade
Switzerland: 12 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 5 Artillery Brigades
THE SIEGE OF TURIN. Turin, Italy. As half of the Burgundian army went north to retake the passes and crush the Swiss, the Italians watched and were well informed of these moves by local sources. This allowed them to conduct numerous ambushes and sabotage of Burgundian supply lines from the north, while their reinforcements were embroiled in the fighting in the passes and later, Zurich. With ample knowledge of the Burgundian lines and the disposition of their troops, a gap was discovered, allowing a reinforced and refreshed Italian force to overwhelm the enemy rear guard and push them back from Turin. Thanks to vastly superior numbers of artillery, the Burgundians held back the Italian forces, inflicting a devastating toll upon them. The Italians faced a major loss as they were forced to recuperate rather than totally relieve Turin as they hoped. With the Italians badly mauled by this defeat, and possessing a 6-1 artillery piece advantage, the Burgundian general made a bid to take Turin, launching a full assault. The Italians won a bloody victory, and only thanks to the espionage efforts of the Brothers of Italy. Using the siege to take position, a militia force managed to overwhelm several batteries of Burgundian guns, turning them upon other positions. This caused massive confusion among the Burgundian lines, and ultimately led to a major Italian victory, even though the guns would be recaptured. The assault was bloodily repulsed, though the siege has continued. Hopes for the Italians to drive out the Burgundians would be dashed later in the year as a massive influx of reinforcements arrived, fresh from the campaign in Switzerland. Outnumbered and badly outgunned, the Italians have been forced to take the constant shelling of Burgundian guns as their precious few artillery pieces are hidden from the onslaught.
Casualty Lists
Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy: 13 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 7 Artillery Brigades
Italy: 9 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 3 Artillery Brigades
FIGHTING IN EASTERN ITALY. Trieste, Austria. As the Italians faced major setbacks around Turin and Zurich, other large scale fighting took place further east. Wrongfully informed of a weakly defended arrival of supplies from the Roman Empire in Trieste, the Austrians sent a small army to take the city, and marched quickly into an Italian trap. The significantly smaller Austrian army was cut off from their supply depots and forts and ultimately forced into a highly unfavorable battle. The result was the utter destruction of the Austrian army, and its forced surrender, swinging wide open the doors to the forts in the Alps. The Italian leader was quick to take advantage of this, taking the strongest of the fortifications with nary a fight in sight. This has exposed the interior of Austria to invasion and widely destabilized the region, as it seems that the Italians could be in Vienna overnight. The Austrians were saved with the end of the battle of Zurich, as the Austrians, Poles, and Bavarians fighting in Switzerland marched east to face the Italians. Despite being slightly outnumbered, the coalition was forced to launch an attack, hoping to reclaim the passes and their mountain fortifications. The result was the expected defeat, though the larger amount of allied artillery did manage to bleed the Italians more than most would have anticipated. The result has been the Italians sitting astride a dominant position, threatening the heartland of Austria.
Casualty List
Austria: 10 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 4 Artillery Brigades (-1 Stability)
Bavaria: 3 Infantry Brigades, 1 Artillery Brigade
Poland: 2 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade
Italy: 7 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 2 Artillery Brigades
FIGHTING ON THE HIGH SEAS. Palermo, Italy. The entry of Spain into the war in Italy has led to the Italians facing the fact that they are no longer able to compete in a large scale naval battle. Therefore the Italian admirals have dispersed the fleet to the various smaller ports and towns across the nation, hoping to avoid destruction. They have occasionally launched sorties against the Spanish ships and supply lines, raiding the Spanish supply ships bound for the invasion area around Naples. This has been fairly successful, but the Italians have been unable to achieve any true victories, due to the skill and capacities of the Spanish
Neptuno style escorts. These ships have faced defeat only at the hands of the Dutch built vessels, which continue to avoid the larger Spanish warships. Overall, the Spanish have managed to slowly reduce the Italian fleet, despite rare occasional setbacks.
Casualty Lists
Empire of Spain: 4
Neptuno-class Warships
Italy: 6
Crescent-class Warships